{"id":98150,"date":"2025-05-12T11:28:21","date_gmt":"2025-05-12T08:28:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/?p=98150"},"modified":"2025-05-12T11:28:21","modified_gmt":"2025-05-12T08:28:21","slug":"gazi-ogretmen-162","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/12\/gazi-ogretmen-162\/","title":{"rendered":"GAZ\u0130 \u00d6\u011eRETMEN (162)"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Emeklilik y\u0131llar\u0131nda Gazi \u00d6\u011fretmen di\u011fer zirai meyveler yan\u0131nda elma yeti\u015ftirmeye de merak sarm\u0131\u015f\u2026<\/div>\n
Gazi \u00d6\u011fretmenin ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na g\u00f6re:<\/div>\n
\u2018\u2019\u2026Elma \u0131l\u0131man, \u00f6zellikle so\u011fuk \u0131l\u0131man iklim meyvesiymi\u015f\u2026<\/div>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Ege B\u00f6lgesinde 500 m, Akdeniz ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu b\u00f6lgesinin s\u0131cak ve kurak yerlerindeki 80 m\u2019den daha yukar\u0131 yerlerde yeti\u015fmekteymi\u015f.<\/div>\n
Elma\u00a0Bah\u00e7esi kurulacak yerin toprak yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6nemliymi\u015f.<\/div>\n
Toprak; bitki k\u00f6kleri su i\u00e7erisinde kalmayacak ve k\u00f6klerin yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131racak \u015fekilde drene edilmeliymi\u015f\u2026 Sert ve suyu tutan toprak geli\u015fmeye engel olur, a\u011fac\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini ve \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkilermi\u015f…<\/div>\n
En uygun toprak \u00e7ak\u0131ll\u0131-t\u0131nl\u0131 olmal\u0131ym\u0131\u015f…<\/div>\n
Toprak derinli\u011finin 2 m veya daha fazla olmal\u0131ym\u0131\u015f…<\/div>\n
Elma a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131, do\u011fada 18 metreye kadar uzayabilirmi\u015f…<\/div>\n
Elma a\u011fac\u0131 so\u011fuk, \u0131l\u0131man iklim \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 severmi\u015f… Sert r\u00fczgarlar ve zorlu hava ko\u015fullar\u0131 a\u011fac\u0131n yeti\u015fmesinde olumsuz bir etkiye sahipmi\u015f ve a\u011fac\u0131n meyve vermesi g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015firmi\u015f.<\/div>\n
Bu sebeple elma bah\u00e7esi kurulacak arazinin ilk \u00f6nce iklim \u015fartlar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nmal\u0131ym\u0131\u015f\u2026<\/div>\n
A\u00e7\u0131k alanda yeti\u015fen a\u011fa\u00e7lar \u00f6zellikle meyve verme d\u00f6neminde g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyarm\u0131\u015f… G\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131, meyvelerin renklenmesini ve lezzet kazanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flarm\u0131\u015f… Yeterli g\u00fcne\u015f g\u00f6rmeyen meyvelerin kalitesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olurmu\u015f… Bunun i\u00e7in meyve verme d\u00f6neminde t\u00fcm dallardaki meyvelerin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca dengeli g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 alabilmesine olanak tan\u0131mak amac\u0131yla a\u011fac\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcn budanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na dikkat edilmeliymi\u015f…<\/div>\n
G\u00fcbre ve sulama ile bitkilerin besin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak da meyve kalitesini do\u011frudan etkilermi\u015f… \u00d6zellikle \u00e7i\u00e7eklenme d\u00f6neminden \u00f6nce bitkinin yeterli besine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 meyvenin geli\u015fimine de katk\u0131 sa\u011flarm\u0131\u015f…<\/div>\n
Elma a\u011fac\u0131 k\u0131\u015f\u0131n yaprak d\u00f6ken bir bitkiymi\u015f… Bu sebeple topra\u011f\u0131 havaland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in k\u0131\u015f\u0131n arazinin yapraklardan temizlenmesi gerekirmi\u015f…\u2019\u2019<\/div>\n
Fidan dikiminde dikkat edilecek durumlar \u015f\u00f6yleymi\u015f:<\/div>\n
\u2018\u2019 \u2026Yeterli olgunlu\u011fa eri\u015fmi\u015f fidanlar genellikle k\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda dikilir. Ocak ve \u015fubat aylar\u0131 elma fidan\u0131 dikimi i\u00e7in en \u00e7ok tercih edilen zamand\u0131r.<\/div>\n
Dikim esnas\u0131nda fidanlar\u0131n dikilece\u011fi toprakta yakla\u015f\u0131k bir metrelik \u00e7ukurlar a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7ukurun i\u00e7ine ilk \u00f6nce fidan\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 yeti\u015fmesine ve \u00e7i\u00e7eklenmesine fayda sa\u011flayacak g\u00fcbre kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr. Daha sonra fidan dikimi yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/div>\n
Dikim esnas\u0131nda \u00e7ukurlar a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken iki \u00e7ukur aras\u0131 mesafe g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu mesafe se\u00e7ti\u011finiz elma t\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re hesaplan\u0131r.<\/div>\n
A\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n gelece\u011fi maksimum boyut a\u011fac\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterece\u011finden ekim mesafesi de ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde de\u011fi\u015fkenlik g\u00f6sterir. Fidan dikimi bittikten hemen sonra sulama yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n
Dikimde dikkate al\u0131nacak hususlar k\u0131saca;<\/div>\n
Bah\u00e7enin uzun kenar\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak fidan yeri haz\u0131rlan\u0131r,<\/div>\n
Dikim yerlerine i\u015faret kaz\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7ak\u0131l\u0131r,<\/div>\n
50 cm geni\u015fli\u011finde ve 50\u201360 cm derinli\u011finde \u00e7ukurlar a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r,<\/div>\n
Dikimde mutlaka dikim tahtas\u0131 kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r (fidanlar\u0131n dik durmas\u0131 i\u00e7in),<\/div>\n
Fidan a\u015f\u0131 noktalar\u0131 mutlaka toprak \u00fczerinde kalmal\u0131d\u0131r,<\/div>\n
Dikim s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00fcbreleme yap\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r,<\/div>\n
Dikimde hakim r\u00fczgarlara dikkat edilmelidir,<\/div>\n
Dikimden sonra can suyu mutlaka verilmelidir.<\/div>\n
Dikilen fidanlar 7-8 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde meyve vermeye ba\u015flar ve bir elma a\u011fac\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 35 y\u0131l boyunca meyve verebilir.<\/div>\n
Ticari olarak meyvelerin toplanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u011fa\u00e7 \u00fczerinde tam olgunla\u015fmas\u0131 beklenmez. Tam olgunla\u015fan meyve, ince kabuklu ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla hassas olur. Bu sebeple elmalar tam olgunla\u015fmadan, sert zamanlar\u0131ndayken hasat makinesi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla toplan\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\u2026 K\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131 g\u00fcbreleme i\u00e7in uygun zaman dilimi de\u011fildir. Bu aylarda bitki genellikle dinlenme d\u00f6neminde olur. \u0130lkbahar itibari ile ilk g\u00fcbrelemeye ba\u015flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n
G\u00fcbreleme i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan azot, fosfor ve potasyum i\u00e7erikleri bitkinin dallanma, \u00e7i\u00e7eklenme ve meyve verme d\u00f6nemlerinde farkl\u0131 oranlarda tercih edilir.<\/div>\n
G\u00fcbreleme programlar\u0131 haz\u0131rlan\u0131rken mutlaka toprak ve yaprak analizleri yap\u0131lmal\u0131, bu do\u011frultuda programlar haz\u0131rlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n
Elma a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 gen\u00e7ken daha fazla suya ihtiya\u00e7 duyar.<\/div>\n
Fidan ekiminden meyve verecek olgunlu\u011fa gelene kadar bol sulama ister.<\/div>\n
Meyve vermeye ba\u015flayan a\u011fa\u00e7lar ise \u00e7i\u00e7ek ve meyvelerin olgunla\u015fma d\u00f6neminde \u00e7ok suya ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. Bu d\u00f6nem genelde may\u0131s ve ekim aylar\u0131 aras\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n
Ekim ay\u0131ndan sonra hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131yla yava\u015f yava\u015f dinlenmeye \u00e7ekilen a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n su ihtiyac\u0131 da minimum seviyelere iner.<\/div>\n
\u2026 Elma a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n meyvesi pek \u00e7ok t\u00fcrden canl\u0131y\u0131 kendine \u00e7ekecek lezzete sahiptir. Bu sebeple ticari olarak yeti\u015ftirilen elmalardaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck sorun elmay\u0131 yiyen ve meyveye zarar veren kurt, \u00e7ekirge, b\u00f6cek ve t\u0131rt\u0131l gibi canl\u0131lard\u0131r.<\/div>\n
Bu canl\u0131lar hem meyveye hem de a\u011fac\u0131n g\u00f6vdesine zarar vererek a\u011fac\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne dahi yol a\u00e7abilecek denli tehlikeli olabilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu canl\u0131lar sadece meyve yemekle yetinmez yuvalar\u0131n\u0131 da buraya yaparak a\u011fa\u00e7 \u00fczerinde \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131rlar. Bu da daha y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 bir etkiye sebep olur.<\/div>\n
Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00e7e\u015fitli hastal\u0131klar da elma a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131 tehdit eder.<\/div>\n
Elma a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131nda hastal\u0131klarla m\u00fccadelede uygun budama y\u00f6ntemleri baz\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in etkili olur.<\/div>\n
A\u011fa\u00e7 ve meyve geli\u015fimine g\u00f6re y\u0131l i\u00e7inde birka\u00e7 kez ila\u00e7lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekebilir. \u0130la\u00e7lamalar i\u00e7in a\u011fac\u0131n \u00e7i\u00e7eklenme ve meyve verme d\u00f6neminin hemen \u00f6ncesi ve dinlenme d\u00f6nemine ge\u00e7ti\u011fi zaman tercih edilir.<\/div>\n
\u0130klim ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 da hastal\u0131k ve ha\u015fere riskinde etkilidir. Bundan dolay\u0131 zararl\u0131larla m\u00fccadelede iklim \u015fartlar\u0131 da \u00f6nemli rol oynar.<\/div>\n
Yo\u011fun ya\u011fmurlardan sonra nemli toprakta hastal\u0131k ve ha\u015fere art\u0131\u015f\u0131 olabilece\u011fi i\u00e7in ilkbahar sonu ila\u00e7lama i\u00e7in s\u0131kl\u0131kla tercih edilir.\u2019\u2019<\/div>\n
B\u00fct\u00fcn bu bilgilerin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda Gazi \u00d6\u011fretmen Tersakan yaylas\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 d\u00f6n\u00fcm araziye 300’\u00fcn \u00fczerinde elma bah\u00e7esi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
( devam edecek)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Emeklilik y\u0131llar\u0131nda Gazi \u00d6\u011fretmen di\u011fer zirai meyveler yan\u0131nda elma yeti\u015ftirmeye de merak sarm\u0131\u015f\u2026 Gazi \u00d6\u011fretmenin ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na g\u00f6re: \u2018\u2019\u2026Elma \u0131l\u0131man, \u00f6zellikle so\u011fuk \u0131l\u0131man iklim meyvesiymi\u015f\u2026 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Ege B\u00f6lgesinde 500 m, Akdeniz ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu b\u00f6lgesinin s\u0131cak ve kurak yerlerindeki 80 m\u2019den daha yukar\u0131 yerlerde yeti\u015fmekteymi\u015f. Elma\u00a0Bah\u00e7esi kurulacak yerin toprak yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6nemliymi\u015f. Toprak; bitki k\u00f6kleri su i\u00e7erisinde […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":97339,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-98150","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazi-mert"],"views":113,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98150","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=98150"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98150\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/97339"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=98150"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=98150"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=98150"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}