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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u201cAnadolu\u2019nun da\u011flar\u0131nda, k\u0131rlar\u0131nda ve bay\u0131rlar\u0131nda kendi kendine a\u00e7\u0131p solan \u00e7i\u00e7ek b\u0131rakmayaca\u011f\u0131m.”<\/p>\n
Hasan Al\u00ee Y\u00fccel<\/p>\n
K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcleri (KE) 17 Nisan 1940 tarihinde Milli E\u011fitim Bakan\u0131 Hasan Al\u00ee Y\u00fccel\u2019in ve \u0130lk\u00f6\u011fretim Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 \u0130smail Hakk\u0131 Tongu\u00e7\u2019un \u00e7abalar\u0131yla TBMM de kabul edilen 3803 nolu yasa ile kuruldu. 27 Ocak 1954 tarihinde Demokrat Parti taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bir yasa ile resmen kapat\u0131larak \u00f6\u011fretmen okullar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnya tarihinde, kapand\u0131ktan 84 y\u0131l sonra bile ad\u0131ndan bu kadar s\u00f6z ettiren, hakk\u0131nda KE kadar kitap yaz\u0131lan bir e\u011fitim kurumu var m\u0131d\u0131r? Zannetmiyorum\u2026<\/p>\n
\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131nda a\u00e7l\u0131k ve yokluk y\u0131llar\u0131nda, Avrupa\u2019da fa\u015fizm kol gezerken, Hitlerin ordular\u0131, Balkan\u2019larda Edirne s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na dayanm\u0131\u015fken, seferberlik y\u0131llar\u0131nda kuruldu. K\u00f6ylerde eli silah tutan milyonlarca gen\u00e7 askere al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. K\u00f6ylerde erkek n\u00fcfusu azalm\u0131\u015f, \u00fcretim zorla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
K\u00f6y\u2019deki i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde k\u00f6y \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015fken. Avrupa\u2019da Hitlerin trenleri y\u00fczbinlerce insan\u0131 toplama kamplar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131rken, Anadolu\u2019da trenler \u00fclkenin d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndan her k\u00f6kenden binlerce k\u00f6y \u00e7ocu\u011funu, binalar\u0131n\u0131 kendilerinin yapaca\u011f\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye co\u011frafyas\u0131na e\u015fitlik\u00e7i bir \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f KE\u2019lerine yani yeni bir umuda ve yeni bir gelece\u011fe ta\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n
NEDEN A\u00c7ILDI?<\/p>\n
KE\u2019ler, \u2018zorunluluklar maharet do\u011furur\u2019 deyimine uygun bir gereksinim ile a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. <\/p>\n
Cumhuriyetin kurucu kadrolar\u0131, (Padi\u015fahl\u0131\u011f\u0131) kald\u0131r\u0131p, 29 Ekim 1923\u2019de Cumhuriyeti ilan etmi\u015fler, y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r kendini Padi\u015fah\u0131n kulu g\u00f6ren bir \u00fcmmet toplulu\u011fundan, bir yurtta\u015flar toplulu\u011fu olan \u2018bir ulus\u2019 yaratmay\u0131 hedefliyordu.<\/p>\n
Bunun da biricik yolu e\u011fitimdi. <\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan Anadolu\u2019daki 40 bin k\u00f6y\u00fcnde, 2 bin 345 ilkokul, \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00c7anakkale ve Kurtulu\u015f sava\u015flar\u0131nda \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f kalan 3061 \u00f6\u011fretmen, y\u00fczde 90\u2019\u0131 k\u00f6ylerde ya\u015fayan, \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu dul kad\u0131n ve yetim \u00e7ocuk ve ya\u015fl\u0131lardan olu\u015fan, 14 Milyon frengili ve s\u0131tmal\u0131 hastal\u0131kl\u0131 bir n\u00fcfus devralm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Gen\u00e7 Cumhuriyetin acelesi vard\u0131. <\/p>\n
\u2018Misak\u0131 Milli\u2019, ba\u015far\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u2018Misak\u0131 \u0130ktisat\u2019 ve Misak\u0131 Maarif\u2019in acilen hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi gerekiyordu. Mustafa Kemal, daha 1922 y\u0131l\u0131nda Polatl\u0131\u2019dan top sesleri gelirken Ankara\u2019da ilk Maarif \u015euras\u0131\u2019n\u0131 toplam\u0131\u015f, \u2018\u00d6\u011fretmenler yeni nesil sizin eseriniz olacakt\u0131r.\u2019 diyordu. <\/p>\n
\u0130\u00e7eride gen\u00e7 cumhuriyeti bir taraftan yokluk, di\u011fer taraftan eski d\u00fczenin uzant\u0131lar\u0131 \u015eeyh, \u015e\u0131h, Seyyit,hoca ve A\u011fa gibi konforlar\u0131 ve egemenlikleri bozulan halk\u0131 kene gibi s\u00f6m\u00fcren feodal yap\u0131y\u0131, \u2018din elden gidiyor\u2019 yaygaras\u0131yla bat\u0131 emperyalizminin k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtt\u0131\u011f\u0131 isyanlar ile bo\u011fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015fte bu nedenle \u00f6ncelikle k\u00f6yden ve k\u00f6yl\u00fcden ba\u015flayacak bir e\u011fitim ve \u00fcretim seferberli\u011fine ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131na ve toprak reformuna ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131. Cumhuriyetin ilk d\u00f6nemlerinde en \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fen bakan, o zamanki ad\u0131yla, \u2018K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Maarif Vekaleti\u2019dir.<\/p>\n
1930\u2019lara gelindi\u011finde Mustafa Kemal ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 i\u015flerin istenilen h\u0131zda gitmedi\u011finden s\u00fcrekli bu konuyu tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bir g\u00fcn milli e\u011fitim bakan\u0131 asker k\u00f6kenli Saffet Ar\u0131kan kentlerde a\u00e7\u0131lan \u00f6\u011fretmen okullar\u0131ndan mezun olan \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin hem say\u0131sal olarak azl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve hemde k\u00f6ylerde ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahsedip \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc aktar\u0131nca \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc gene Atat\u00fcrk buldu. \u201cSaffet gel, askerde yeni silahlar\u0131 erata \u00f6\u011fretti\u011fimiz gibi, \u00f6nce daha uyan\u0131k olan \u00e7avu\u015flar\u0131 e\u011fitimden ge\u00e7irip onlar\u0131 e\u011fitmen olarak onlar\u0131 k\u00f6ye g\u00f6nderelim\u201d der. Eski\u015fehir \u00c7ifteler\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131lan alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k E\u011fitmen Okullar\u0131nda binlerce E\u011fitmen yeti\u015ftirilir. E\u011fitmenler, yaz-k\u0131\u015f en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck mezralara kadar gider, ilkokul \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuklara yeni alfabe ile okuma yazmay\u0131 k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede \u00f6\u011fretirler. Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olan bu fikir \u00f6nce, Avrupa\u2019da Pestalloziyi incelemi\u015f olan, \u0130smail H. Tongu\u00e7\u2019ta \u00f6nce \u00f6\u011fretmen okullar\u0131 fikrini, sonra K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcleri fikrini do\u011furur.<\/p>\n
HASAN AL\u00ce Y\u00dcCEL ANLATIYOR<\/p>\n
Atat\u00fcrk 10 Kas\u0131m 1938 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Cumhuriyet D\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131 onun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden hemen sonra harekete ge\u00e7mi\u015flerdir.H. Al\u00ee Y\u00fccel, Celal Bayar ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki h\u00fck\u00fcmette Maarif Bakan\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn siyasi deste\u011fi ile \u0130smail H. Tongu\u00e7 ile birlikte haz\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131 3803 nolu K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcleri (KE) yasas\u0131n\u0131 TBMM ye getirirler. Ba\u015fta Adnan Menderes, Emin Sazak gibi a\u011fa k\u00f6kenli mebuslar ile asker k\u00f6kenli Fevzi \u00c7akmak gibi isimler yasaya kar\u015f\u0131 muhaliftiler. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler s\u0131ras\u0131nda KE fikrinin nereden kopya edildi\u011fi sorgulan\u0131r. Hasan Ali Y\u00fccel TBMM de \u015fu tarihi konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 yapar.<\/p>\n
\u201cK\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcleri, ‘Efendimiz K\u00f6yl\u00fcy\u00fc’, ‘Efendi yapma’ dile\u011finin eseridir.1839’dan 1939’a kadar, yani garpl\u0131la\u015fma hareketinin ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan tam 100 y\u0131l<\/p>\n
ge\u00e7inceye dek ayn\u0131 konu \u00fcst\u00fcnde hayli zihin yorulmu\u015f, hayli tedbire ba\u015fvurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Fakat (…) bu tedbirlerle 40 bin k\u00f6yde ya\u015fayan milyonlarca T\u00fcrk \u00e7ocu\u011funu okula ve \u00f6\u011fretmene kavu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in 40 bin sene beklemek laz\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Mesele \u015fudur: K\u00f6ye k\u00f6yden olmayan\u0131 yollayarak k\u00f6yl\u00fcy\u00fc \u00f6\u011fretim ve e\u011fitime kavu\u015fturamad\u0131k. O halde k\u00f6ye k\u00f6yden olan\u0131 k\u00f6y hayat \u015fartlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde yeti\u015ftirip vermekten ba\u015fka \u00e7are yoktur.<\/p>\n
Bu pratik prensip, tamam\u0131yla bizimdir. Taklit de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bulu\u015ftur. Benzersizdir.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc millet sevgisi gibi bir kaynaktan ilham\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Pratiktir. Pedagoji kitaplar\u0131 yazmaz.<\/p>\n
Klasik pedagoglar bilmez.<\/p>\n
Bilmezler; zir\u00e2, bir Terbiye nazariyesi (e\u011fitim kuram\u0131) de\u011fil, mill\u00ee bir kalk\u0131nman\u0131n temel prensibidir ve onun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi, hayatile\u015fmesi hamlesidir\u201d.<\/p>\n
ve oylamaya ge\u00e7ilir. \u00c7o\u011fu feodal k\u00f6kenli 100 k\u00fcs\u00fcr millet vekili oylamaya kat\u0131lmaz. 3 de 2 \u00e7o\u011funlukla 3803 say\u0131l\u0131 yasa kabul edilir. 17000 den dazla \u00f6\u011frenci yeti\u015ftirir. Karma e\u011fitim ile k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na KE giri\u015fte pozitif ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yaparak k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ncelikle kaydederler, 2000 den fazla binlerce k\u0131z \u00f6\u011frenciyi ( sonradan mercimek teyze diye an\u0131lacak Prof.Ay\u015fe Baysal) \u00f6\u011fretmen olarak, Anadolu\u2019da binlerce k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011funa ilham kayna\u011f\u0131 olurlar. (Biri de rahmetli T\u00fcrkan Saylan\u2019d\u0131r)<\/p>\n
KE\u2019leri, 2. D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sonras\u0131nda ba\u015flayan ko\u015fullarda yeni olu\u015fan D\u00fcnya Dengeleri i\u00e7inde NATO ya girmemizden sonra so\u011fuk sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131nda, NATO politikalar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda \u2018Kom\u00fcnist Yuvalar\u0131\u2019 diye yaftalan\u0131r ve 27 Ocak 1954 y\u0131l\u0131nda kapat\u0131l\u0131r, ve m\u00fcfredat\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek \u00d6\u011fretmen Okullar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclerek kapat\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak KE ruhu Yat\u0131l\u0131 \u00d6\u011fretmen Okullar\u0131nda 12 Eyl\u00fcl 1980 y\u0131l\u0131nda don darbe de vurularak \u00f6\u011fretmen okullar\u0131 da kapat\u0131larak, \u00f6\u011fretmen yeti\u015ftirme g\u00f6revi E\u011fitim fak\u00fcltelere verilir ve \u2018k\u00f6ylere gidecek \u00f6\u011fretmenlik ideali\u2019 yok edilir. 2002 den sonra AKP iktidar\u0131na gelince \u00d6\u011fretmen a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 gen\u00e7lere siyasi se\u00e7im r\u00fc\u015fveti olacak kadrolar olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Se\u00e7im \u00f6ncelerinde 40-50 bin gibi a\u00e7\u0131lan kadrolarla 60 g\u00fcnl\u00fck formalite formasyon e\u011fitimiyle Ziraat M\u00fchendisleri gibi ilgisiz mesleklerden ilkokul \u00f6\u011fretmeni yap\u0131larak kapat\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r ve e\u011fitimde bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn temelleri at\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
21 KE kapat\u0131l\u0131ncaya kadar yeti\u015ftirdi\u011fi binlerce \u00f6\u011fretmen ve sa\u011fl\u0131k memurlar\u0131yla (ki \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc a\u015famas\u0131 ziraat teknisyeni yeti\u015ftirmekti). B\u00f6ylelikle Anadolu\u2019daki e\u011fitim, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve tar\u0131mda k\u00f6kle\u015fmi\u015f sorunlar\u0131 k\u00f6kten \u00e7\u00f6zmesi hedefleniyordu.<\/p>\n
Bug\u00fcn Fakir Baykurt, Mahmut Makal, Mevl\u00fct Kaplan, Ali Y\u00fcce , Behzat Ay ve Osman \u015eahin gibi onlarca \u015fair, yazar yeti\u015ftirerek edebiyat\u0131m\u0131zda k\u00f6y edebiyat\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015fmesine neden olmu\u015f, Aziz Sancar gibi Nobel \u00f6d\u00fcll\u00fc bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n yeti\u015fmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Cumhuriyetin alt\u0131n ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131, ilerici 68 ve 78 ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yeti\u015ftiren KE\u2019l\u00fc \u00f6\u011fretmenlerdir. <\/p>\n
UNESCO taraf\u0131ndan da kalk\u0131nmakta olan \u00fclkelere \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterilen KE\u2019lerini kuran, ba\u015fta Hasan Al\u00ee Y\u00fccel ve \u0130smail Hakk\u0131 Tongu\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere, t\u00fcm KE\u2019lerinde m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcnden \u00f6\u011fretmenine, hizmetlisinden \u00f6\u011frencilerine kadar D\u00fcnya tarihinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck E\u011e\u0130T\u0130M \u0130MECES\u0130\u2019nin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesine emek ce katk\u0131 verenleri sayg\u0131 ile minnetle an\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n
Yaz\u0131m\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc yazar\u0131m\u0131z Ya\u015far Kemal\u2019in s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u015fu s\u00f6zleri ile tamamlamak istiyorum. \u201cT\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyetinin D\u00fcnya Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na iki b\u00fcy\u00fck arma\u011fan\u0131 vard\u0131r. Her ikiside mazlum milletlere \u00f6rnek olan biri T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti, di\u011feri K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcleri\u2019dir\u201d
\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u201cAnadolu\u2019nun da\u011flar\u0131nda, k\u0131rlar\u0131nda ve bay\u0131rlar\u0131nda kendi kendine a\u00e7\u0131p solan \u00e7i\u00e7ek b\u0131rakmayaca\u011f\u0131m.” Hasan Al\u00ee Y\u00fccel K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcleri (KE) 17 Nisan 1940 tarihinde Milli E\u011fitim Bakan\u0131 Hasan Al\u00ee Y\u00fccel\u2019in ve \u0130lk\u00f6\u011fretim Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 \u0130smail Hakk\u0131 Tongu\u00e7\u2019un \u00e7abalar\u0131yla TBMM de kabul edilen 3803 nolu yasa ile kuruldu. 27 Ocak 1954 tarihinde Demokrat Parti taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bir yasa […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":70207,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-70521","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-serdar-erkan"],"views":536,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70521","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=70521"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70521\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/70207"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70521"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=70521"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=70521"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}