T\u00fcrk dilleri Orta Asya’dan G\u00fcney Do\u011fu Avrupa’ya kadar \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir co\u011frafyada \u00e7e\u015fitli leh\u00e7elerde konu\u015fulmaktad\u0131r.
\nCo\u011frafi olarak en yayg\u0131n olarak konu\u015fulan diller aras\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye, Azerbaycan, Kazakistan, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan ve T\u00fcrkmenistan’da resmi dil olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Yunanistan, \u0130ran, Irak ve ba\u015fka bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede de resmi ya da gayr\u0131 resmi stat\u00fcde az\u0131nl\u0131k dili olarak konu\u015fulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk dilleri aras\u0131ndan en yayg\u0131n konu\u015fulan leh\u00e7e olan T\u00fcrk\u00e7e; Almanya, Fransa, Hollanda gibi Bat\u0131 Avrupa \u00fclkelerinde de, T\u00fcrk k\u00f6kenli g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin yo\u011fun olarak bulunmas\u0131 nedeniyle, \u00f6nemli bir n\u00fcfus taraf\u0131ndan anadil ya da ikinci dil olarak konu\u015fulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00e7ok eski bir dildir. Baz\u0131 kaynaklara g\u00f6re k\u00f6kenleri 8500 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk dilleriyle ilgili en eski yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynak 8. Y\u00fczy\u0131la tarihlenen Orhun Yaz\u0131tlar\u0131d\u0131r. Ta\u015f i\u00e7ine oyulmu\u015f bir \u015fekilde an\u0131tla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan bu yaz\u0131tlar bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Mo\u011folistan\u2019da bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
10. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130slam dininin T\u00fcrkler aras\u0131nda yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131yla birlikte T\u00fcrk dili de Arap\u00e7a ve Fars\u00e7a dilleriyle yak\u0131n bir etkile\u015fime girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Yusuf Has Hacib taraf\u0131ndan 1069 y\u0131l\u0131nda yaz\u0131lan \u201cKutadgu Bilig\u201d M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan ilk \u015faheser olarak g\u00f6sterilebilir.<\/p>\n
1072 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ka\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmut taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan \u201cD\u00eev\u00e2nu Lug\u00e2ti’t-T\u00fcrk\u201d isimli eser Araplara T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00f6\u011fretmeyi ama\u00e7lamaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n
12. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Ahmet Yesevi taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nan \u201cHikmet\u201d isimli kitap ise \u00f6nemli bir tasavvuf eseridir.<\/p>\n
Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 d\u00f6neminde T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin resmi dil olarak kabul edilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Sultan Veled taraf\u0131ndan 1277 y\u0131l\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan \u201cDivan\u0131 T\u00fcrki\u201d isimli T\u00fcrk\u00e7e s\u00f6zl\u00fck bu \u00e7abalar\u0131n bir neticesidir.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun ilk d\u00f6neminde I. Orhan taraf\u0131ndan ne\u015fredilen ilk devlet belgesi olan \u201cM\u00fclkname\u201d de T\u00fcrk\u00e7e dilinde kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca 1530 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kadri Efendi taraf\u0131ndan \u201cM\u00fcyessiret\u00fcl-Ulum\u201d isimli bir T\u00fcrk\u00e7e dilbilgisi kitab\u0131 yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk\u00e7e diliyle ilgili en \u00f6nemli fig\u00fcr \u015f\u00fcphesi 13. Ve 14. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Anadolu\u2019sunda ya\u015fayan \u015fair Yunus Emre\u2019dir.<\/p>\n
Dil; \u0130nsanlar\u0131n birbirini anlamas\u0131n\u0131 ve kayna\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir unsundur.<\/p>\n
\u0130leti\u015fim \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin birbiriyle kayna\u015fmas\u0131, farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrlere sahip insanlar\u0131n birbiriyle anla\u015fmas\u0131 \u201cD\u0130L\u201d ile sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u201cAlfabe\u201d ya da di\u011fer ad\u0131yla \u201cabece\u201d, her biri dildeki bir sese kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen harfler dizisidir.<\/p>\n
“Abece” s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, T\u00fcrk\u00e7edeki ilk \u00fc\u00e7 harfin okunu\u015fundan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Benzer bi\u00e7imde Frans\u0131zca k\u00f6kenli Alphabet’den dilimize ge\u00e7en “Alfabe” s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, eski Yunancadaki ilk iki harf olan”alpha” ile”beta”n\u0131n okunu\u015fundan gelir.<\/p>\n
Y\u00fcce T\u00fcrk milleti d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck medeniyetlerini, tarihin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devletlerini kurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkler be\u015finci y\u00fczy\u0131ldan bu yana \u00e7e\u015fitli devirlerde tarihi,<\/p>\n
Ekonomik, siyasal ili\u015fkiler sonunda de\u011fi\u015fik k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerle ili\u015fkide bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca \u015eamanizm, Budizm, Musevilik, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k gibi \u00e7e\u015fitleri dinleri b\u00fcnyesinde ya\u015fatarak en son \u0130slamla m\u00fc\u015ferref olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar bir\u00e7ok T\u00fcrk dil alfabesi T\u00fcrk dillerini yazmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bunlar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralayabiliriz:<\/p>\n
a-Orta\u00e7a\u011fa \u00f6zg\u00fc eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7e yaz\u0131s\u0131 Orhun Alfabesi<\/p>\n
b-Ortak T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Alfabe (1930’l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda SSCB’de kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131)<\/p>\n
Bir de yaz\u0131mda farkl\u0131 alfabeleri olan T\u00fcrk dilleri vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
1- Azerbaycan alfabesi<\/p>\n
2- Kazak alfabesi<\/p>\n
3- Tatar alfabesi<\/p>\n
4- T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/p>\n
5- T\u00fcrkmen alfabesi<\/p>\n
6- Uygur alfabesi<\/p>\n
7- \u00d6zbek alfabesi<\/p>\n
Bir de ge\u00e7mi\u015f d\u00f6nemlerde kullan\u0131lan Turan alfabesi vard\u0131r. Bu alfabe T\u00fcrk dilinin ilk alfabesidir.<\/p>\n
M\u00d6. 200 – M\u00d6. 150 y\u0131llar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f ve 36 harf ile \u015fekillenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bu T\u00fcrk dilinin ilk alfabesi 10. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yine; Orhun Alfabesi, T\u00fcrk dilinin ikinci alfabesidir ve 38 harf ile \u015fekillenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
1926 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bak\u00fc’de toplanan T\u00fcrkologlar Kongresi t\u00fcm T\u00fcrk\u00ee dillerin Latin alfabesi ile yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 karar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
1929’lu y\u0131llarda geli\u015ftirilen Ortak T\u00fcrk Alfabesi, ufak farkl\u0131l\u0131klarla 1930’lu y\u0131llarda Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’ndeki T\u00fcrk\u00ee halklar taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131..<\/p>\n
Ancak, T\u00fcrk\u00ee Cumhuriyetlerinin kulland\u0131klar\u0131 bu Latin alfabeleri, 1938\u201340 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yerlerini, Sovyet idaresinin bask\u0131s\u0131 ile Kiril alfabesinden geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f olan farkl\u0131 alfabelere b\u0131rakmak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bundan \u00f6nce T\u00fcrk halklar\u0131 ortak alfabeleri ile birbirlerine yakla\u015fabilmi\u015fken, her T\u00fcrk halk\u0131na di\u011ferlerinden farkl\u0131 bir Kiril alfabesi geli\u015ftirilmesi ile asl\u0131nda birbirlerine yak\u0131n olan bu dillerin zamanla farkl\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye’de Yeni T\u00fcrk alfabesi, Latin harfleri temel al\u0131narak, 1 Kas\u0131m 1928 g\u00fcn ve 1353 say\u0131l\u0131 yasayla tespit ve kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkler; be\u015f ve alt\u0131nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131llar ile dokuzuncu, onuncu y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131nda G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk alfabesini kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Otuz sekiz harften olu\u015fan ve sa\u011fdan sola do\u011fru yaz\u0131lan bu alfabenin en g\u00fczel \u00f6rnekleri Orhun yaz\u0131tlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu alfabe G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk boylan taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sekizinci y\u00fczy\u0131l ile on be\u015finci y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131nda Uygur T\u00fcrkleri taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan alfabenin ad\u0131 ise Uygur Alfabesi’dir.<\/p>\n
Yirmi \u00fc\u00e7 harften olu\u015fan bu alfabe de sa\u011fdan sola do\u011fru yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yedinci ve onuncu y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan Tibet Alfabesi dini metinlerde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yirmi iki harften meydana gelen ve sekizinci \u2013 on birinci y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan Masturi – S\u00fcryani alfabesi de sa\u011fdan sola do\u011fru yaz\u0131lmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Uygur T\u00fcrkleri taraf\u0131ndan sekizinci ve on birinci y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131nda Mani alfabesi kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sa\u011fdan sola yaz\u0131lan alfabe otuz alt\u0131 harften olu\u015fmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Brahma Alfabesi; sekizinci ve on birinci y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131nda Brahmanizm dininin metinlerini yazmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Mo\u011fol T\u00fcrkleri taraf\u0131ndan on \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131lda Passepa alfabesi kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
On ikinci y\u00fczy\u0131lda K\u0131p\u00e7ak T\u00fcrkleri taraf\u0131ndan Ermeni Alfabesi kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Karamanl\u0131lar on be\u015finci ve yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131nda Yunan alfabesi kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n
Arap Alfabesi; on birinci y\u00fczy\u0131ldan yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar pek \u00e7ok T\u00fcrk boyu taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Eski Yaz\u0131 diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan alfabe ile \u00e7ok k\u0131ymetli Osmanl\u0131ca eserler yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Otuz bir harften olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
En son yeni T\u00fcrk Alfabesi ise 1928 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Latin Alfabesi k\u00f6kenlidir. Yirmi dokuz harften olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ho\u015f\u00e7a kal\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00fcrk dilleri Orta Asya’dan G\u00fcney Do\u011fu Avrupa’ya kadar \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir co\u011frafyada \u00e7e\u015fitli leh\u00e7elerde konu\u015fulmaktad\u0131r. Co\u011frafi olarak en yayg\u0131n olarak konu\u015fulan diller aras\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye, Azerbaycan, Kazakistan, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan ve T\u00fcrkmenistan’da resmi dil olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Yunanistan, \u0130ran, Irak ve ba\u015fka bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede de resmi ya da gayr\u0131 resmi stat\u00fcde az\u0131nl\u0131k dili olarak konu\u015fulmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrk dilleri […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":63985,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-64279","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazi-mert"],"views":46,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64279","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=64279"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64279\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/63985"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64279"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=64279"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=64279"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}