Osmanl\u0131 imparatorlu\u011funda e\u011fitim \u00f6\u011fretim \u0130slam\u00ee temeller \u00fczerine oturtulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
\u0130slam e\u011fitim sisteminin temel kurumu olan medrese, Osmanl\u0131lar d\u00f6nemininde de e\u011fitimin temeli olmu\u015f, Osmanl\u0131’ya uygun geli\u015fmeler g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131lar zaman\u0131nda Din e\u011fitimi, medreselerde serpilip geli\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Medreselerde din e\u011fitiminin yan\u0131nda matematik, astronomi, kimya, fizik, hukuk, edebiyat, t\u0131p ve felsefeye de yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Medreseler; S\u0131byan mektebinden sonra orta, lise, y\u00fcksek okul ve \u00fcniversite e\u011fitimi veren, \u0130slami kimli\u011fi sebebiyle sadece m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n devam etti\u011fi bir e\u011fitim kurumu \u00f6zelli\u011findedir.<\/p>\n
\u0130mparatorluk s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131ndaki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n e\u011fitimi ulema ad\u0131 verilen dindar z\u00fcmre taraf\u0131ndan \u0130slam dininin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re denetlenmekteydi.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde f\u00fctuhatlar yan\u0131nda ilim ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr alan\u0131nda da b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Daha \u00f6nce kurulan T\u00fcrk devletlerindeki medreseleri ve \u0130slam Dininin esaslar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rnek alarak e\u011fitim sistemini kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bi\u00e7imde geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Din e\u011fitimine a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k veren medreselerde telvih, miftah ve ha\u015fiye-i tecrid ismi alt\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 dereceli e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6revi de yerine getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Fatih Sultan Mehmet Han \u0130stanbul’un fethinden sonra ilk kez t\u00fcm bilgilerin okutuldu\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck bir medrese yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Medarisi Semaniye (sekizli medreseler) ismi verilen bu okulda ha\u015fiye-i tecrid, miftah, telvih, hari\u00e7 ve dahil ismi alt\u0131nda be\u015f dereceli e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6revi yerine getirilmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nde medreselere ilave olarak; Saray, Askeri okullar, Bab-\u0131 Ali okulu ve Halk okullar\u0131 da kurulmu\u015f ve her konuda e\u011fitim, \u00f6\u011fretim faaliyetleri y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Medreselerin yan\u0131na kurdu\u011fu vak\u0131f m\u00fcesseleri sayesinde ilim faaliyetlerini de geli\u015ftirerek devam ettirmi\u015ftir..<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir devlet olmas\u0131nda m\u00fckemmel bir y\u00f6netim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ordu ve iyi bir e\u011fitim sisteminin \u00f6nemli pay\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
E\u011fitim sisteminin amac\u0131 devlete ba\u011fl\u0131 insan yeti\u015ftirmekti.<\/p>\n
\u0130nsanlar\u0131n iyi bir meslek sahibi olmas\u0131, mesle\u011fini icra ederken de geleneklere ba\u011fl\u0131 ve itaatk\u00e2r olmas\u0131 hedeflenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Gayrim\u00fcslimler de e\u011fitimlerini ibadethanelerinde (kilise, sinagog gibi) ve a\u00e7t\u0131klar\u0131 okullar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yapabilmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 e\u011fitim sistemi esnaf, k\u00f6y ve mahalle halk\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitildi\u011fi yayg\u0131n e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131 ile ilk, orta ve y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu \u00f6rg\u00fcn e\u011fitim kurumu olarak iki b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Sibyan mektebi ad\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131lan k\u00f6y ve mahalle okullar\u0131na d\u00f6rt ve alt\u0131 ya\u015f aras\u0131nda k\u0131z ve erkek \u00e7ocuklar giderdi.<\/p>\n
\u00c7ocuklar okula \u201camin alay\u0131\u201d denen bir t\u00f6renle ba\u015flarlard\u0131. S\u0131byan mektebinde e\u011fitim karma ve \u00fccretsizdi.<\/p>\n
Halk\u0131n e\u011fitim i\u00e7in camiler, tekkeler, zaviyeler ve k\u0131raathaneler kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Buralarda tefsir, hadis, f\u0131k\u0131h gibi din\u00ee bilgiler yan\u0131nda hat ve tezhip gibi \u00f6zel yetenek gerektiren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara y\u00f6nelik de e\u011fitim verilirdi.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde t\u00fcm esnaf kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda birer mesleki e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Esnaf birlikleri ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Ahili\u011fe daha sonralar\u0131 ise lonca te\u015fkilat\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
Esnafl\u0131kta uzmanla\u015fmak isteyenler \u00e7\u0131rak (\u015fakirt) olarak i\u015fe ba\u015flar, meslekte ilerledik\u00e7e kalfa ve usta olurlard\u0131. Usta olmaya hak kazananlara icazetname verilir, b\u00f6ylece bunlar i\u015f yeri a\u00e7abilirlerdi.<\/p>\n
Bir de Saray okullar\u0131 vard\u0131. Bu okullar h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve askerlik i\u015flerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak olan \u015fehzadeler, dev\u015firmeler ve memurlar i\u00e7in kurulmu\u015ftur. Topkap\u0131 Saray\u0131’ndaki \u015eehzadegah Okulu, Enderun ve Me\u015flihane Saray Okullar\u0131’n\u0131n \u00f6nde gelenlerindendir.<\/p>\n
Askeri okullarda \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan okul t\u00fcr\u00fc; Mehterhane ad\u0131 verilen m\u00fczik okuludur.<\/p>\n
Devletin memur yeti\u015ftiren okulu ise; en y\u00fcksek h\u00fck\u00fcmet dairesi Bab-\u0131 Ali ad\u0131 verilen kurumun okul niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan Divan-\u0131 H\u00fcmayun Kalemi, Terc\u00fcme Odas\u0131 ve Ketk\u00fcda Bey Dairesi ismiyle adland\u0131r\u0131lan okullar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Halk okullar\u0131 ise yaln\u0131zca T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u00e7o\u011fu mahallede bulunan e\u011fitim yuvalar\u0131ndan te\u015fkil edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130lk kademe \u00f6\u011frenim kurumlar\u0131 olan Halk okullar\u0131; 5-6 ya\u015flar\u0131nda k\u0131z ve erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n okutuldu\u011fu s\u0131byan okullar\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 Devleti \u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131nda ilk\u00f6\u011fretimlere (Anaokulu) S\u0131byan Mektebi, ilkokullara \u0130ptidai, ortaokullara ise R\u00fc\u015fdiye ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nde 18 ‘inci y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren m\u00fchendishaneler a\u00e7\u0131lmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Askeri ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131lan bu okullarda Osmanl\u0131 Ordusu’na teknik eleman yeti\u015ftirme faaliyetleri icra edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Mekteb-i Edebiye okulunda devlet dairelerine memur, Mekteb-i Adliye okulunda ise Bab-\u0131 Ali’ye ve Bab-\u0131 Defterdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131’na devlet memuru yeti\u015ftirilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
E\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretim faaliyetlerini d\u00fczene koymak i\u00e7in 1845 y\u0131l\u0131nda Muvaakkat Meclisi Maarif a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Dar\u00fclfunun i\u00e7in haz\u0131rl\u0131klar ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu tarihten 2 y\u0131l sonra 1847 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l 3 y\u0131ll\u0131k Dar\u00fcl Maarif a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve 1849 y\u0131l\u0131nda devlet memuru yeti\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Akademik e\u011fitim veren Enc\u00fcmen-i Dani\u015f 1851 y\u0131l\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Akademik e\u011fitim veren okulun a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan 2 y\u0131l sonra \u0130nas R\u00fc\u015ftiyeleri; K\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na e\u011fitim vermek maksad\u0131yla ve Mekteb-i M\u00fclkiye de M\u00fclkiye g\u00f6revlileri yeti\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
K\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitimi i\u00e7in1861 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk K\u0131z R\u00fc\u015fdiyesi (ortaokul) a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Dar\u00fclmaarifte yeti\u015fen \u00f6\u011frencilerin \u00f6\u011frenim hayatlar\u0131na devam\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak maksad\u0131yla 1863 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk Osmanl\u0131 Dar\u00fclfunu a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Galatasaray Sultanisi Okulu 1868 y\u0131l\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131larak \u00f6\u011frenime ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
R\u00fc\u015ftiyelerin devam\u0131 olarak nitelendirilen \u0130dadiler 1872 yil\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Dar\u00fcl Muallimat ( K\u0131z \u00d6\u011fretmen Okulu) \u2018da 1876 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frenime ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Mesleki e\u011fitim vermek amac\u0131yla Ebe okulu (1842), Dar\u00fclmuallimen ve Ziraat okullar\u0131 (1847), Orman okulu (1858), Telgraf okulu (1860), Sanayi okulu (1864) y\u0131llar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1912 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tahsil-i \u0130ptidai Kanunu Muvakkati \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ilkokul d\u00fczeni kurulmu\u015f ve e\u011fitim, \u00f6\u011fretim faaliyetleri d\u00fczene sokulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda yine k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitimi i\u00e7in \u0130ras Dar\u00fclf\u00fcnunu a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve \u0130stanbul Dar\u00fclf\u00fcnunu g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilerek Bat\u0131 \u00fcniversiteleri t\u00fcr\u00fcnde bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131lar E\u011fitim \u00d6\u011fretim faaliyetlerini y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcrken adaleti de \u00f6n planda tutmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
E\u011fitim \u00d6\u011fretim alan\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n adaleti o kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc idi ki; b\u00fct\u00fcn Hristiyanlar o d\u00f6nemlerde Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131na girebilmek i\u00e7in adeta birbirleriyle yar\u0131\u015f etmi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n
Son s\u00f6z olarak bir \u00f6rnek vermek gerekirse; Ukrayna\u2019da ya\u015fayan Normanlar Ruslar\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131ndan o kadar b\u0131km\u0131\u015flard\u0131 ki kiliselerinin defterine \u015f\u00f6yle yazm\u0131\u015flard\u0131: \u201cYa Rabbi. Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kuvvetini art\u0131r ki, gelip bizi de kurtars\u0131n\u2026 Bize din h\u00fcrriyeti versin\u2026 Can ve mal emniyetimizi sa\u011flas\u0131n. Am\u00een\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n
Normanlar; 1800 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Rus zulm\u00fcnden Amerika\u2019ya ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015flar ve yanlar\u0131nda bu kilise defterini de g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n
Bu g\u00fcn bu defter ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en sayfa a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olarak 4 Ocak 1896\u2019da Birle\u015fik devletlere eklenen Amerika\u2019n\u0131n Utah b\u00f6lgesindeki bir Norman kilisesinde te\u015fhir edilmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015fte Osmanl\u0131larda E\u011fitim \u00d6\u011fretim faaliyetleri\u2026<\/p>\n
Ho\u015f\u00e7a kal\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Osmanl\u0131 imparatorlu\u011funda e\u011fitim \u00f6\u011fretim \u0130slam\u00ee temeller \u00fczerine oturtulmu\u015ftur. \u0130slam e\u011fitim sisteminin temel kurumu olan medrese, Osmanl\u0131lar d\u00f6nemininde de e\u011fitimin temeli olmu\u015f, Osmanl\u0131’ya uygun geli\u015fmeler g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Osmanl\u0131lar zaman\u0131nda Din e\u011fitimi, medreselerde serpilip geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Medreselerde din e\u011fitiminin yan\u0131nda matematik, astronomi, kimya, fizik, hukuk, edebiyat, t\u0131p ve felsefeye de yer verilmi\u015ftir. Medreseler; S\u0131byan mektebinden sonra orta, lise, y\u00fcksek […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":39440,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39926","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazi-mert"],"views":61,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39926","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39926"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39926\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/39440"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39926"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39926"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39926"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}