{"id":24737,"date":"2022-04-18T15:00:34","date_gmt":"2022-04-18T12:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/?p=24737"},"modified":"2024-06-11T21:47:47","modified_gmt":"2024-06-11T18:47:47","slug":"serdar-erkan-penceremden-82-yilinda-yine-ve-yeniden-koy-enstituleri-ve-saglik-devrimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/2022\/04\/18\/serdar-erkan-penceremden-82-yilinda-yine-ve-yeniden-koy-enstituleri-ve-saglik-devrimi\/","title":{"rendered":"SERDAR ERKAN-PENCEREMDEN: 82. YILINDA Y\u0130NE VE YEN\u0130DEN K\u00d6Y ENST\u0130T\u00dcLER\u0130 VE SA\u011eLIK DEVR\u0130M\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"
TBMM\u2019nin 23 Nisan 1920\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra, birinci \u00f6ncelik Anadolu\u2019yu i\u015fgalden kurtarmakt\u0131r.<\/div>\n
TBMM\u2019de \u00e7ok yo\u011fun bir tart\u0131\u015fma ve askeri haz\u0131rl\u0131k vard\u0131r ve Ankara\u2019da s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fcnler ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r. Bir y\u0131l sonra 1 Mart 1921\u2019de Meclisin 2. yasama y\u0131l\u0131nda , Mustafa Kemal a\u00e7\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131nda \u201cMilli E\u011fitim, genel sa\u011fl\u0131k, n\u00fcfus ve kalk\u0131nma y\u00f6nlerinde pek g\u00f6ze g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr iyi sonu\u00e7lar hen\u00fcz al\u0131namad\u0131\u201d.(1) der.<\/div>\n
Cumhuriyet daha ilan edilmemi\u015fken, Milli E\u011fitim konusu ile beraber, o sava\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n yokluk ve yoksunluk g\u00fcnlerinde, verem, s\u0131tma ve veban\u0131n kol gezdi\u011fi topraklarda, kurtulu\u015ftan sonra en \u00f6nemli konular,(Milli E\u011fitim ve Genel Sa\u011fl\u0131k, N\u00fcfus ve Kalk\u0131nma) bu konu\u015fmada s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonra her yasama y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda Milli E\u011fitim ve Genel Sa\u011fl\u0131k konular\u0131 Cumhuriyeti kuranlar\u0131n hep ba\u015f sorunlar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde, \u00f6zellikle Mustafa Necati\u2019nin k\u0131sa bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde, hem \u00f6\u011fretmen say\u0131s\u0131, hem de okulla\u015fma oran\u0131 katlanarak artar. Ancak, y\u00fczy\u0131llar\u0131n ihmalini bir anda tamamen halletmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Ancak, Cumhuriyetin acelesi vard\u0131. K\u00f6ylere ve k\u00f6y \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na bir an evvel ula\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131yd\u0131. \u00dclkeyi y\u00f6netenler, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fczy\u0131llarca ihmal etti\u011fi Anadolu\u2019da bu durumu de\u011fi\u015ftirmek, o tarihlerde n\u00fcfusun y\u00fczde 90\u2019n\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6yleri her y\u00f6nden canland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in aray\u0131\u015f i\u00e7indeydiler.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
K\u00d6Y ENST\u0130T\u00dcLER\u0130 B\u0130R GEREKS\u0130NMEDEN DO\u011eDU<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Nitekim, 1935 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde, CHP kurultay\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131nda parti sekreteri Recep Peker \u201c\u0130ki milyon \u00e7ocuk okuma gereksinimi duyuyor, ancak bunun d\u00f6rtte birini okutabilecek,\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm ve ara\u00e7lar\u0131m\u0131z bulunuyor… Bunun i\u00e7in parti ba\u015fkanl\u0131k divan\u0131 pratik bir form\u00fcl \u00f6neriyor: \u201dK\u00f6y \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131sa zamanda okutacak okul tipi\u201d demi\u015fti.<\/div>\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc o y\u0131llarda Anadolu\u2019da 40 bin k\u00f6y bak\u0131ms\u0131z, ilkel, e\u011fitimsiz ve bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klarla bo\u011fu\u015fuyordu.<\/div>\n
Toplam, 16 milyon n\u00fcfusun yakla\u015f\u0131k 14 Milyonu k\u00f6ylerde ya\u015f\u0131yordu. Okur yazar oran\u0131 erkeklerde y\u00fczde 17, kad\u0131nlarda y\u00fczde 4.2 ortalama y\u00fczde10.5\u2019i okur yazard\u0131. Baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde bu oran y\u00fczde 1\u2019e d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyordu.<\/div>\n
\u0130lk\u00f6\u011fretim \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki 1 milyon 680 bin k\u00f6y \u00e7ocu\u011fundan 276 bin 688\u2018i okula kavu\u015fmu\u015ftu. Anadolu\u2019daki 40 bin k\u00f6yden 32 binin n\u00fcfusu 400\u2019\u00fcn alt\u0131ndayd\u0131. K\u00f6yler sadece e\u011fitim y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de\u011fil, ekonomik ve toplumsal y\u00f6nden de geriydi. 35 bin k\u00f6yde hi\u00e7 okul yoktu. K\u00f6y okullar\u0131n\u0131 bitirebilen bu \u00e7ocuklardan ancak binde biri, bir \u00fcst okula gidebiliyordu. Di\u011ferleri, k\u00f6ylerinde kal\u0131p aileleri ile birlikte ilkel bir \u00fcretime kat\u0131lan bu \u00e7ocuklar 3-5 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde bildiklerini de unutuyorlard\u0131.<\/div>\n
Ayn\u0131 tarihlerde kent ve kasabalarda okulla\u015fma oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 85 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131(2). Kentlerde yeti\u015fip \u00f6\u011fretmen olanlar k\u00f6ylere gitmiyordu. Gitsede ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olam\u0131yordu.(Bug\u00fcn bile b\u00f6yle de\u011fil mi?) Bunun i\u00e7in \u00f6nce, Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn \u00f6nerisiyle, 1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda askerlik yapan onba\u015f\u0131 ve \u00e7avu\u015flar\u0131n i\u00e7inden se\u00e7ilenler, 6 ayl\u0131k e\u011fitmen kursundan ge\u00e7irilip, 3 s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u00f6ylere g\u00f6nderilir. Sonu\u00e7lar ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olunca \u201cK\u00f6y E\u011fitmenleri Yasas\u0131\u201d\u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. 1948 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar 8675 e\u011fitmen yeti\u015ftirilir. Bunlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 30\u2019u kad\u0131nd\u0131r. Daha sonra 1937-39 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 5 tane K\u00f6y \u00d6\u011fretmen Okulu a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Bu okullar\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcnce, Bakanl\u0131k koltu\u011funa oturan Hasan Ali Y\u00fccelin d\u00f6neminde 1939 y\u0131l\u0131nda toplanan Maarif \u015euras\u0131nda konu g\u00fcndeme gelir ve \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli kararlar al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/div>\n
Bu kararlardan biri, \u0130. Hakk\u0131 Tongu\u00e7 ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan, 3803 say\u0131l\u0131\u201cK\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcleri ve K\u00f6ye Luzumlu Sanat Erbab\u0131 Yeti\u015ftirme Kanunu\u201d yasa teklifidir.Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2018\u00fcn deste\u011fi, Hasan Ali Y\u00fccel\u2019in savunmas\u0131 ile TBMM\u2019de 17 Nisan 1940 tarihinde yasala\u015f\u0131r. TBMM\u2019de yasa ge\u00e7erken muhalefet eden ve oylama kat\u0131lmayan milletvekillerinin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun b\u00fcy\u00fck toprak sahipleri oldu\u011fu dikkat \u00e7ekicidir!<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
ANADOLU\u2019DA CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130N EN B\u00dcY\u00dcK AYDINLANMA KURUMLARININ TEMEL\u0130 ATILIYOR<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm zorluklar\u0131 i\u00e7inde Avrupa\u2019da fa\u015fizm kol gezerken, Anadolu\u2019da e\u011fitimde ve sa\u011fl\u0131kta sessiz bir devrim ya\u015fan\u0131yordu. \u0130lk etapta 14 Enstit\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede Van Erci\u015f\u2019te kurulan Enstit\u00fcyle 21 \u2018e \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131larak, b\u00fct\u00fcn Anadolu\u2019ya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f co\u011frafi e\u015fitlik\u00e7i bir \u015fekilde kapsamas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r. 1942 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ankara Hasano\u011flan Y\u00fcksek K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131larak sistemin \u00f6\u011fretmenlerinin burada yeti\u015fmesi planlan\u0131r.<\/div>\n
Anadolu\u2019da laik, bilimsel ve karma e\u011fitim ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
E\u011fitimin ilkesi, yaparak, ya\u015fayarak \u00fcreterek e\u011fitimdir. K\u00f6y \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, hem beyinlerini, hem ellerini kullanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r, uyuyan dev uyanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cumhuriyetin ilan\u0131ndan beri k\u00f6ylerimizin en \u00f6nemli sorunlar\u0131ndan biri de sa\u011fl\u0131k ve tar\u0131m \u00fcretiminin \u201cfenni usullerle\u201d canland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yasada belirtilen \u201cK\u00f6ye L\u00fczumlu Sanat Erbab\u0131\u201d yeti\u015ftirilmesi temelinde uygulamaya ge\u00e7ilir. \u0130lk olarak, kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 1947 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Hasan o\u011flan Y\u00fcksek K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fclerinden yeti\u015fen 53\u2019\u00fc kad\u0131n(ebe), toplam 1599 sa\u011fl\u0131k memuru t\u00fcm yurda da\u011f\u0131l\u0131rlar. Anadolu\u2019da verem, \u00e7i\u00e7ek, s\u0131tma, kolera ,trahom ve \u015fark \u00e7\u0131ban\u0131 vb. yayg\u0131n hastal\u0131klarla amans\u0131z bir m\u00fccadele yap\u0131larak bir \u00e7o\u011funun k\u00f6k\u00fc kurutulur.1. D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 sonunda \u00e7ok azalan n\u00fcfusumuz, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 nesillerle h\u0131zla atarken \u00fclkemiz i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli ba\u015far\u0131lar ve deneyimler elde edilir. Bug\u00fcn bu hastal\u0131klar\u0131n, bir \u00e7o\u011funun art\u0131k hi\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fclmemesinin temelinde, K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcleri Sisteminin Anadolu ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131na e\u011fitim yoluyla sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli katk\u0131 kadar, \u201cba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d uygulamalar\u0131yla sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 katk\u0131da \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
NEDEN KAPATILDI?<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00c7ok partili rejime ge\u00e7ip, Demokrat Parti iktidara gelince, Laik, bilimsel ve karma e\u011fitim veren, K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcleri sahipsiz kal\u0131nca, 27 Ocak 1954 tarihinde, Cumhuriyet Ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcp rahats\u0131z olan, toprak a\u011falar\u0131 ve tarikatlar\u0131n oyunu alarak iktidara gelen Demokrat Parti iktidar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ABD\u2019nin telkinleri ile kapat\u0131larak, \u0130lk\u00f6\u011fretmen Okullar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/div>\n
Ancak K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fclerinin ruhu \u0130lk\u00f6\u011fretmen Okullar\u0131nda 1980 darbesine kadar devam etmi\u015fti. Bu tarihten sonra, \u00f6\u011fretmen yeti\u015ftirme g\u00f6revi Y\u00d6K\u2019 e devredilmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
Bu ad\u0131mla birlikte NATO\u2019nun \u201cye\u015fil ku\u015fak\u201d projesinin, T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam sentezi anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla, anayasal laiklik ilkesi yok say\u0131larak, din e\u011fitimi zorunlu hale getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
\u00dclkemiz bundan sonra ad\u0131m, ad\u0131m, e\u011fitimde gerilemi\u015f, \u00d6zal\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda tarikatlar e\u011fitime dolayl\u0131 m\u00fcdahil olmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. 2002\u2018den sonra, emperyalizmin u\u015fa\u011f\u0131 FET\u00d6 gibi tarikatlar\u0131n do\u011frudan m\u00fcdahaleleriyle e\u011fitimin tamamen dinselle\u015ftirilmesi projesi uygulamaya konulmu\u015ftur. Laik, bilimsel ve karma e\u011fitim her f\u0131rsatta bir plan dahilinde kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her bakan de\u011fi\u015fiminde, s\u0131k s\u0131k yap\u0131lan sistem de\u011fi\u015fimleriyle, yap -boz tahtas\u0131na d\u00f6nen \u00fclkemiz e\u011fitimi, giderek D\u00fcnya \u00fclkeleri i\u00e7inde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lara do\u011fru h\u0131zla gerilemi\u015f(bak\u0131n\u0131z uluslararas\u0131 pisa s\u0131navlar\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131). Siyaseten oy dev\u015firmek i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131lan 2 ayl\u0131k formasyon kurslar\u0131yla, \u201catamas\u0131 yap\u0131lmayan ve \u00fccretli \u00f6\u011fretmen\u201d gibi uygulamalarla \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.Daha k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc, ihtiya\u00e7tan fazla a\u00e7\u0131lan \u0130mam Hatip Liseleri, 4+4+4 sistemi ve tarikatlar\u0131n okullara girmesi, ortaokul ve lise d\u00fczeyindeki e\u011fitim m\u00fcfredatlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek e\u011fitim dinselle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
\u00c7al\u0131nan sorularla hi\u00e7bir e\u011fitim kurumuna g\u00fcven kalmam\u0131\u015f, yat\u0131l\u0131 b\u00f6lge okullar\u0131 zay\u0131flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, f\u0131rsat e\u015fitli\u011fi yok edilmi\u015f, e\u011fitim i\u00e7in k\u00f6yden kente gelemeyen fakir k\u00f6y \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 tarikat yuvalar\u0131na mahkum edilmi\u015f, laik, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f ve bilimsel e\u011fitim hakk\u0131 ellerinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
80 y\u0131lda Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcll\u00fc Aziz Sancar\u2019lar\u0131 yeti\u015ftiren K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc E\u011fitim Sistemi yerine, bug\u00fcn art\u0131k, emperyalizmin istedi\u011fi gibi, ezbere dayanan, \u00fcretimden kopuk d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve mant\u0131k yetileri zay\u0131f, hi\u00e7bir sosyal becerisi olmayan s\u0131nav odakl\u0131 sistem i\u00e7inde yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 yok edilen ku\u015faklar\u0131n yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fi e\u011fitim sistemimiz var.<\/div>\n
K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fclerini siyasete kurban etmeyip, geli\u015ftirmi\u015f olsayd\u0131k, bug\u00fcn Koronavir\u00fcs (COVID-19) k\u00fcresel salg\u0131n\u0131nda , y\u00fczlerce kay\u0131p verdi\u011fimiz, k\u00f6yden kente g\u00f6\u00e7 ile betona g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcp ya\u015fanmaz hale gelen megakentler yerine, k\u00f6y\u00fcnde daha refah i\u00e7inde, bilin\u00e7 d\u00fczeyi y\u00fcksek kitlelerle, panik g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerini ya\u015famayacak, sa\u011fl\u0131kta ve art\u0131k hayatiyeti anla\u015f\u0131lan stratejik tar\u0131msal g\u0131da \u00fcretiminde d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olmayacak, ithalata milyarlarca dolar \u00f6deyen \u00fclke olmayacakt\u0131k.<\/div>\n
Kurulu\u015funun 80. Y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u00fclkemizin D\u00fcnya E\u011fitim tarihine olan K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fclerini kurulu\u015funa destek veren ba\u015fta II. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, Hasan Ali Y\u00fccel ve katk\u0131 veren \u0130smail Hakk\u0131 Tongu\u00e7 ile kurucu m\u00fcd\u00fcrleri, \u00f6\u011fretmenleri ve hizmetlilerine kadar, t\u00fcm eme\u011fi ge\u00e7enleri ve sayg\u0131 ve minnetle an\u0131yorum.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Dip Not:<\/div>\n
(1)Cumhuriyetin E\u011fitim Devrimi, Mustafa GAZALCI; Ulusal E\u011fitim Derne\u011fi, \u0130ktisadi \u0130\u015fletmesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131,Ankara Temmuz 2014<\/div>\n
(2) Nas\u0131l Bir E\u011fitim \u0130stiyoruz? , Server TAN\u0130LL\u0130; Ama\u00e7 Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul, Kas\u0131m 1988<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

TBMM\u2019nin 23 Nisan 1920\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra, birinci \u00f6ncelik Anadolu\u2019yu i\u015fgalden kurtarmakt\u0131r. TBMM\u2019de \u00e7ok yo\u011fun bir tart\u0131\u015fma ve askeri haz\u0131rl\u0131k vard\u0131r ve Ankara\u2019da s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fcnler ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r. Bir y\u0131l sonra 1 Mart 1921\u2019de Meclisin 2. yasama y\u0131l\u0131nda , Mustafa Kemal a\u00e7\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131nda \u201cMilli E\u011fitim, genel sa\u011fl\u0131k, n\u00fcfus ve kalk\u0131nma y\u00f6nlerinde pek g\u00f6ze g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr iyi sonu\u00e7lar hen\u00fcz al\u0131namad\u0131\u201d.(1) […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24737","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-serdar-erkan"],"views":89,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24737","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24737"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24737\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24737"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24737"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24737"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}