{"id":24665,"date":"2022-04-17T13:32:09","date_gmt":"2022-04-17T10:32:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/?p=24665"},"modified":"2024-06-11T22:04:26","modified_gmt":"2024-06-11T19:04:26","slug":"safak-genc-tarihteki-en-kotu-salginlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/2022\/04\/17\/safak-genc-tarihteki-en-kotu-salginlar\/","title":{"rendered":"\u015eAFAK GEN\u00c7: Tarihteki En K\u00f6t\u00fc Salg\u0131nlar"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Bug\u00fcn tarihteki en k\u00f6t\u00fc salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar\u0131 sizler i\u00e7in derledim.<\/div>\n
Pandemi: Covid-19 ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra bir\u00e7ok kez duymaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu tan\u0131m, Covid-19\u2019dan \u00f6nce de defalarca kez tekrar etmi\u015ftir. D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019ne g\u00f6re d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda yay\u0131lan bir hastal\u0131k pandemi olarak kabul edilir.<\/div>\n
Bir yerde patojen ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yap\u0131labilir ve bir sald\u0131n da olu\u015fturabilir. E\u011fer salg\u0131n ilerlerse, o eyalette veya men\u015fei \u00fclkeyi sarabilir. B\u00f6lge s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmas\u0131 durumunda ise birka\u00e7 k\u0131tadan \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelere seyahat eder ve \u00f6nemli say\u0131da insan\u0131 etkilerse, pandemik hastal\u0131k haline gelir.<\/div>\n
Tarihin sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131racak olursak; kabal\u0131klar\u0131 etkileyen, insanl\u0131k tarihinden bug\u00fcne kadar kaydedilen en \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl salg\u0131nlardan biri olan ve bug\u00fcn bile en \u00e7ok an\u0131lanlardan Kara Veba\u2019y\u0131hat\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
D\u00fcnyada ya\u015fanan en k\u00f6t\u00fc salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar:<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Antonina Vebas\u0131<\/div>\n
\u2022 Y\u0131l: 165<\/div>\n
\u2022 \u00d6l\u00fcmler: 5 milyon<\/div>\n
\u2022 Nedeni: Bilinmiyor<\/div>\n
Antik Roma\u2019da ba\u015flayan ve T\u00fcm Roma\u2019y\u0131 etkilen, 165 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131\u015f mevsiminden 180\u2019li y\u0131llara kadar s\u00fcren bu salg\u0131n, ad\u0131n\u0131 o d\u00f6nemde b\u00f6lgeyi y\u00f6neten aileden alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Galen Vebas\u0131 olarak da bilinen hastal\u0131k, T\u00fcrkiye, M\u0131s\u0131r, Yunanistan ve \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 etkiledi.<\/div>\n
Deride su\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi ve k\u0131zam\u0131k gibi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yaralara neden olan bu viral enfeksiyonun nedeni hala bilinememektedir. Roma \u015fehrinde 2000\u2019den fazla insan\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u00d6l\u00fcm oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 25\u2019ti, yani hasta olan her 4 ki\u015fiden biri \u00f6ld\u00fc. Baz\u0131 \u015fehirlerde n\u00fcfusun y\u00fczde 30\u2019unu kaybetti\u011fi bilinmektedir.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Justinianus Vebas\u0131<\/div>\n
\u2022 Y\u0131l: 541-542<\/div>\n
\u2022 \u00d6l\u00fcmler: 25 milyon<\/div>\n
\u2022 Nedeni: Bubonik (H\u0131yarc\u0131kl\u0131), kemirgenlerin \u00fczerindeki pireler.<\/div>\n
Bat\u0131 Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc esnas\u0131nda, ??Justinianus eldeki b\u00fct\u00fcn imk\u00e2nlarla yeniden restore yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. K\u0131talara yay\u0131lan sava\u015f esnas\u0131nda, gemilerden gelen enfekte farelerdeki pirelerden bula\u015fan bu veba, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
Orta Do\u011fu\u2019dan, Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun ba\u015fkenti Konstantinopolis kadar gelen ilk h\u0131yarc\u0131kl\u0131 veba t\u00fcr\u00fcyd\u00fc ve \u015fehrin n\u00fcfusunu mahvetti. Ba\u015fkentte hastal\u0131k nedeniyle 1 milyona yak\u0131n ki\u015finin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tahmin edilmektedir.<\/div>\n
Justinianus Vebas\u0131na, \u0130mparator da yakaland\u0131 fakat hayatta kald\u0131.<\/div>\n
Suriye, Avrupa ve Asya k\u0131talar\u0131na s\u0131\u00e7rayan veba, enfekte kemirgenlerin \u00fczerinde yer alan pirelerin temas veya batma sonras\u0131 bula\u015fmaktayd\u0131.<\/div>\n
Yersiniapestis adl\u0131 bakteri, organizmaya sald\u0131r\u0131p, koltuk alt\u0131, kas\u0131k boyundaki lenf d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerinin reaksiyona girmesine neden olur, \u00a0bu da \u015fi\u015ferek b\u00fcy\u00fck irin kabarc\u0131klar\u0131 olu\u015fturur.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Kolera Pandemisi<\/div>\n
\u2022 Y\u0131l: 1852 ve 1860<\/div>\n
\u2022 \u00d6l\u00fcmler: 1 milyon<\/div>\n
\u2022 Nedeni: Kolera<\/div>\n
Yedi kolera salg\u0131n\u0131ndan en k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Kolera Pandemisi, 1852\u2019den 1860 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar s\u00fcren, Hindistan\u2019da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Ganj nehri yoluyla; Asya, Avrupa, Kuzey Amerika ve Afrika\u2019ya ula\u015ft\u0131 ve yakla\u015f\u0131k bir milyonu insan\u0131 yok etti.<\/div>\n
Kolera, ince ba\u011f\u0131rsakta olu\u015fan bir enfeksiyondur ve suda ya\u015fayan bakterilerden (kolerik vibrion) kaynaklan\u0131r. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu ishal g\u00fcnlerce s\u00fcrebilir ve v\u00fccudu agresif bir \u015fekilde kurutarak elektrolit bozuklu\u011funa neden olabilir. G\u00f6zlerin yuvalara batmas\u0131, cilt elastikiyetinin azalmas\u0131, hidrasyon eksikli\u011fi nedeniyle ellerin ve ayaklar\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 gibi bir\u00e7ok etkisi vard\u0131r. En \u015fiddetli halinde cilt mavimsi veya morumsu bir renge b\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcr. \u0130nsan d\u0131\u015fk\u0131s\u0131 (bakteri varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda), k\u00f6t\u00fc y\u0131kanm\u0131\u015f yiyecekler ve kirlenmi\u015f sular bula\u015f\u0131r. Di\u011fer salg\u0131nlar\u0131n aksine, kolera sadece insanlar\u0131 etkiler.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Rus Gribi<\/div>\n
\u2022 Y\u0131l: 1889 \u2013 1890<\/div>\n
\u2022 \u00d6l\u00fcmler: 1.5 milyon<\/div>\n
\u2022 Nedeni: Grip<\/div>\n
1889 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Asya gribi olarak da bilinen Rus Gribi; Buhara \u2013 Orta Asya (T\u00fcrkistan), Athabasca \u2013 Kanada ve Gr\u00f6nland olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgede ilk vakalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. \u00c7o\u011funlukla \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ve gen\u00e7leri etkileyen Rus Gribi, 1 \u2013 1,5 milyon insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n H2N2 vir\u00fcs\u00fcnden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131l\u0131yordu, son bulgular ise hastal\u0131\u011fa \u0130nfluenza A\u2019n\u0131n H3N8 tipi vir\u00fcs\u00fcn neden oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi. Hastalarda pn\u00f6moni ve ate\u015f n\u00f6betlerine neden oldu.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Alt\u0131nc\u0131 Kolera Salg\u0131n\u0131<\/div>\n
\u2022 Y\u0131l: 1910 \u2013 1911<\/div>\n
\u2022 \u00d6l\u00fcmler: 800.000<\/div>\n
\u2022 Nedeni: Kolera<\/div>\n
Di\u011fer kolera salg\u0131nlar\u0131 gibi, alt\u0131nc\u0131 kolera salg\u0131n\u0131 da Hindistan da ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p, Orta Do\u011fu, Kuzey Afrika, Rusya ve Do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019ya yay\u0131ld\u0131. Salg\u0131n, Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131na geldi\u011finde ise, sa\u011fl\u0131k yetkilileri \u00f6nceden sahip olduklar\u0131 bilgileri uygulay\u0131p h\u0131zl\u0131 hareket ettiler ve enfekte olan insanlar\u0131 izole ederek \u00fclkede, yaln\u0131zca 11 \u00f6l\u00fcmle alt\u0131nc\u0131 kolera salg\u0131n\u0131ndan kurtuldular.<\/div>\n
Hindistan ve baz\u0131 geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde hala y\u00fcksek insidans ve yayg\u0131n olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen bu salg\u0131n, ABD ve geli\u015fmi\u015f olan \u00fclkelerde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Alt\u0131nc\u0131 kolera salg\u0131n\u0131nda toplamda 800.000 ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u0130spanyol Gribi<\/div>\n
\u2022 Y\u0131l: 1918<\/div>\n
\u2022 \u00d6l\u00fcmler: 20 milyon \u2013 50 milyona<\/div>\n
\u2022 Nedeni: Grip<\/div>\n
\u0130spanyol gribi, influenza A, H1N1 vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn bir varyant\u0131n\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir griptir. Tarihte en \u00e7ok \u00f6l\u00fcme neden olan hastal\u0131klardan biridir. 20. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerinde insanlar\u0131 etkileyen \u0130spanyol Gribi, 20 milyon ile 50 milyon aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n
Salg\u0131n asl\u0131nda \u0130spanya\u2019da ba\u015flamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat \u0130spanyol gribi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi, I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda yer almayan \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n salg\u0131n konusunu ilk kez g\u00fcndeme getirmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\u0130nfluenza vir\u00fcs\u00fc, gen\u00e7lerin ve ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemlerini enfekte ederek, yok ediyordu. Gen\u00e7 yeti\u015fkinlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc hastal\u0131kla m\u00fccadeleyi kaybetti. Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, o d\u00f6nemde pandeminin profilini daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015ftiren ba\u015fka fakt\u00f6rlerde oldu\u011funu i\u015faret ediyor: Hastanelerde ve t\u0131p kamplar\u0131ndaki hijyen eksili\u011fi, yetersiz beslenme, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kalabal\u0131k.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Covid-19<\/div>\n
\u2022 Y\u0131l: 2019 \u2013 2021<\/div>\n
\u2022 \u00d6l\u00fcmler: 1,92 Milyon<\/div>\n
\u2022 Neden: Koronavir\u00fcs SARS-Cov-2<\/div>\n
2019 y\u0131l\u0131 Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda, \u00c7in\u2019in Wuhan kentinde ke\u015ffedilen bu vir\u00fcs, y\u00fcksek yay\u0131lma h\u0131z\u0131na sahiptir ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00f6l\u00fcme neden olmu\u015ftur. D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc, vir\u00fcs\u00fcn neden oldu\u011fu hastal\u0131k i\u00e7in pandemi durumu ilan etti ve COVID-19 (Coronavir\u00fcs Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 2019) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/div>\n
Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015fta zoonoz karakterine sahip oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclse de, vir\u00fcs\u00fcn hayvanlardan geldi\u011fine dair hi\u00e7bir bilimsel kan\u0131t bulunamad\u0131. ( Yarasa veya pangolinden gelmi\u015f olabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyordu.)<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Covid-19 \u2018da en s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen semptomlar; ani ate\u015f, \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fck, yorgunluk, kas a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, tat ev koku eksikli\u011fi ve nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlara ek olarak; parmaklarda veya v\u00fccudun di\u011fer k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda lekeler, ishal, bo\u011faz a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 ve konjunktivit gibi baz\u0131 ba\u015fka bulgu ve belirtilere de g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/div>\n
Ki\u015fiden ki\u015fiye belirtilerin de\u011fi\u015fkenlik g\u00f6stermesi hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc zorla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Covid-19, \u00a0gen\u00e7 ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 insanlarda hafif semptomlar g\u00f6sterirken, 60 ya\u015f\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcndekiler ve kronik hastalar gibi y\u00fcksek risk grubundaki ki\u015filer i\u00e7im \u00f6l\u00fcmlerle sonu\u00e7lanabilmektedir.<\/div>\n
Covid-19\u2019un \u00f6nleyici tedbirleri aras\u0131nda; sosyal mesafe, kolonya ve antibakteriyel jel kullan\u0131m\u0131, y\u00fczeylerde dezenfektan kullan\u0131m\u0131, maske kullan\u0131m\u0131, su ve sabunla s\u00fcrekli el hijyeni yer almaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle herhangi bir y\u00fczeyle temas ettikten sonra, ellerinizi a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131za, burnunuza ve g\u00f6zlerinize temas ettirmekten ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n.<\/div>\n
\u00d6zellikle soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kma yasaklar\u0131n\u0131n uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve dini, politik, turistik, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve e\u011fitimsel vb. bir\u00e7ok etkinlik ve faaliyetinin durdurulmas\u0131, \u00a0t\u00fcm\u00fclkelerin sanayi ve turizm gibi sekt\u00f6rlerini sekteye u\u011fratt\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00fclkeler ekonomileri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da olduk\u00e7a zorlay\u0131c\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7ler ya\u015fad\u0131lar. Pandemi s\u00fcreci boyunca, gerekli onaylar\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kendini kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015f belli ba\u015fl\u0131 farkl\u0131 ila\u00e7larla covid-19 ile m\u00fccadele edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Kullan\u0131lan bu ila\u00e7lar her ne kadar covid-19\u2019lu bir hastay\u0131 tedavi etmekte \u00f6nemli bir etken olsa da, asl\u0131nda m\u00fccadelede en \u00f6nemli etkenin hastan\u0131n v\u00fccut direnci oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bug\u00fcn tarihteki en k\u00f6t\u00fc salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar\u0131 sizler i\u00e7in derledim. Pandemi: Covid-19 ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra bir\u00e7ok kez duymaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu tan\u0131m, Covid-19\u2019dan \u00f6nce de defalarca kez tekrar etmi\u015ftir. D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019ne g\u00f6re d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda yay\u0131lan bir hastal\u0131k pandemi olarak kabul edilir. Bir yerde patojen ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yap\u0131labilir ve bir sald\u0131n da olu\u015fturabilir. E\u011fer salg\u0131n ilerlerse, o […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":24671,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24665","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-safak-genc"],"views":119,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24665","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24665"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24665\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24671"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24665"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24665"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24665"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}