{"id":139413,"date":"2026-07-29T10:06:13","date_gmt":"2026-07-29T07:06:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/?p=139413"},"modified":"2026-07-29T10:06:13","modified_gmt":"2026-07-29T07:06:13","slug":"turk-islam-kulturunde-oymacilik-ve-kakmacilik-sanati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/2026\/07\/29\/turk-islam-kulturunde-oymacilik-ve-kakmacilik-sanati\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00dcRK- \u0130SLAM K\u00dcLT\u00dcR\u00dcNDE OYMACILIK VE KAKMACILIK SANATI\u2026"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc sohbet k\u00f6\u015femde istek \u00fczerine unutulmaya y\u00fcz tutmu\u015f bir sanat dal\u0131ndan, T\u00fcrk- \u0130slam k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde oymac\u0131l\u0131k ve kakmac\u0131l\u0131k sanat\u0131ndan bahsedece\u011fim.<\/div>\n
Oymac\u0131l\u0131k ve kakmac\u0131l\u0131k; Ah\u015fap, ta\u015f veya maden gibi sert malzemelerin \u00fczerine \u00e7e\u015fitli motifler i\u015fleyerek onlar\u0131 estetik birer sanat eserine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme sanat\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n
Genellikle ah\u015fap (a\u011fa\u00e7) i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011finde bir arada kullan\u0131lan bu iki geleneksel el sanat\u0131, T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde, \u00f6zellikle de Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu ve Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerinde zirve noktas\u0131na ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
A – Oymac\u0131l\u0131k, ah\u015fap veya ta\u015f gibi malzemelerin y\u00fczeyinde belirlenen bir desenin, \u00f6zel kesici aletler yard\u0131m\u0131yla yontularak derinle\u015ftirilmesi veya kabart\u0131lmas\u0131 sanat\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n
Malzeme olarak i\u015flemesi kolay ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olan ceviz, \u0131hlamur, me\u015fe, abanoz, g\u00fcl ve sedir gibi a\u011fa\u00e7lar tercih edilir.<\/div>\n
Ara\u00e7 olarak: \u0130skarpela (oyma kalemleri), tokmak, testere ve z\u0131mpara gibi el aletleri kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/div>\n
Teknik olarak: Al\u00e7ak\/y\u00fcksek kabartma, derin oyma ve kafes (\u015febekeli) oyma gibi y\u00f6ntemleri vard\u0131r.<\/div>\n
Kullan\u0131m Alanlar\u0131 ise: Camilerdeki minber, mihrap ve rahlelerde; saray ve konaklardaki kap\u0131, pencere, dolap kapaklar\u0131 ve tavan s\u00fcslemelerinde s\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/div>\n
B – Kakmac\u0131l\u0131k, ah\u015fap, maden veya ta\u015f y\u00fczeyinde a\u00e7\u0131lan \u00f6zel yuvalara, farkl\u0131 renkte ve cinsten de\u011ferli malzemelerin yerle\u015ftirilmesi tekni\u011fidir.<\/div>\n
Malzemeler: Yuvalara g\u00f6m\u00fclmek \u00fczere en \u00e7ok sedef (deniz kabu\u011fu), fildi\u015fi, kemik, kaplumba\u011fa kabu\u011fu, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f teller veya farkl\u0131 kontrasttaki a\u011fa\u00e7lar kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/div>\n
S\u00fcre\u00e7: \u00d6nce desen y\u00fczeye \u00e7izilir, ard\u0131ndan bu desenin i\u00e7i hafif\u00e7e oyularak yuvalar a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r ve kesilen de\u011ferli malzeme bu yuvalara titizlikle yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak ya da \u00e7ak\u0131larak yerle\u015ftirilir.<\/div>\n
Sedef Kakmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131: T\u00fcrkiye’de \u00f6zellikle Gaziantep y\u00f6resinde sedef kakmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu dal\u0131n en pop\u00fcler ve ya\u015fayan en \u00f6nemli \u00f6rneklerindendir.<\/div>\n
Gaziantep’te sedef i\u015flemecili\u011fi, \u00f6zellikle 1963 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren eski pi\u015ftol tabancalar\u0131n \u00fczerindeki sedef s\u00fcslemelerin \u00f6rnek al\u0131nmas\u0131yla yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve kent kimli\u011finin ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n
Gaziantep Sedef Kakmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda malzeme: Genellikle dayan\u0131kl\u0131 ve koyu renkli ceviz, maun veya abanoz a\u011fac\u0131 tercih edilir. Sedefin etraf\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evrelemek i\u00e7in ise g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, pirin\u00e7 veya alpaka teller kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/div>\n
Motifler: \u00c7o\u011funlukla Sel\u00e7uklu ve Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminin izlerini ta\u015f\u0131yan geometrik desenler, k\u0131vr\u0131k dallar ve do\u011fa motifleri i\u015flenir.<\/div>\n
\u00dcr\u00fcn \u00c7e\u015fitlili\u011fi: \u00c7eyiz sand\u0131klar\u0131, sehpalar, aynalar, tavla tak\u0131mlar\u0131, m\u00fccevher kutular\u0131, rahleler, bastonlar ve hatta k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7\/silah kabzalar\u0131 bu sanatla s\u00fcslenir.<\/div>\n
Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 geometrik ve bitkisel motifleri oymac\u0131l\u0131kta yo\u011fun olarak kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131lar ise 14. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren kakma sanat\u0131n\u0131 da bu s\u00fcrece dahil ederek m\u00fccevher kutular\u0131, sehpalar, yaz\u0131 tak\u0131mlar\u0131 ve tahtlar gibi ta\u015f\u0131nabilir e\u015fyalarda muazzam bir zenginlik yaratm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bu sanatlar, K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 destekli kurslar ve usta-\u00e7\u0131rak ili\u015fkisiyle ya\u015fat\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\u00d6zetle s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse genel manada “Kakmac\u0131l\u0131k” Oyulabilecek t\u00fcrdeki herhangi bir zemin \u00fczerine, istenilen \u015fekillerde ve uygun keskin-kesici aletler kullan\u0131larak; oyarak a\u00e7\u0131lan yuvalara, di\u011fer bir maddeden (Sedef, G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, Alt\u0131n, Ta\u015f, Mermer, Tahta vs) oyulan \u015feklin ayn\u0131s\u0131ndan kesilmi\u015f par\u00e7alar\u0131n kakarak yerle\u015ftirilmesi i\u015fine verilen isimdir.<\/div>\n
Kullan\u0131lacak olan maddenin y\u00fczeyinin baz\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 oyularak bu oyulan k\u0131s\u0131mlara daha k\u0131ymetli ba\u015fka bir madenden veya maddeden oyulan \u015fekle g\u00f6re kesilmi\u015f par\u00e7alar\u0131n g\u00f6m\u00fclmesi suretiyle kakma i\u015fi uygulan\u0131r.<\/div>\n
Bu i\u015flemler s\u00fcsleme, \u00e7e\u015fitli s\u00fcsler ile zenginle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in uygulan\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin de\u011fersiz bir ta\u015f oyulup mermer veya daha k\u0131ymetli bir madenden kesilip al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f par\u00e7alar\u0131 g\u00f6mmek, abanoz \u00fcst\u00fcne sedef par\u00e7alar\u0131 g\u00f6mmek, ceviz tahtas\u0131 \u00fczerine fildi\u015fi veya kemik par\u00e7alar\u0131 veya g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f\u00fc desenli olarak keserek g\u00f6mmek suretiyle yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kakma i\u015flerine pek \u00e7ok yerde rastlan\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\u00dczerinde kakma olan eserler, vazifelerine g\u00f6re mimari yap\u0131larda yer al\u0131rlar.<\/div>\n
Bir camide kap\u0131 kanatlar\u0131, pencere kanatlar\u0131, minber, k\u00fcrs\u00fc, rahle gibi ah\u015fap k\u0131s\u0131mlarda tahta \u00fczerine sedef, fildi\u015fi, ba\u011fa kakma, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi\u037e yine minber, mihrap, k\u00fcrs\u00fc ve duvarlarda mermer veya ta\u015f \u00fczerine ayn\u0131 maddenin di\u011fer renkleri veya ba\u015fka maddeler kak\u0131larak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f i\u015fler de g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/div>\n
Eskiden tabaka, \u00e7ubuk, baston gibi baz\u0131 e\u015fyalar hep kakma ile s\u00fcslenirdi.<\/div>\n
Kakma \u00e7e\u015fitlerine g\u00f6re bunlara, alt\u0131n, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, sedef veya fildi\u015fi kakmal\u0131 denilirdi.<\/div>\n
B\u0131\u00e7ak, k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, kama, kalkan ve t\u00fcfek gibi silahlar\u0131n da \u00fczerine alt\u0131n kakma ile s\u00fcsler yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/div>\n
Pirin\u00e7 veya g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f \u00fcst\u00fcne a\u00e7\u0131lan yuvalara alt\u0131n veya g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f tel ve \u00e7ubuklar kakarak g\u00f6mme suretiyle yap\u0131lan s\u00fcsleme i\u015flerine, \u201ctel kakma\u201d veya \u201c\u015eam kakmas\u0131\u201d denilirdi.<\/div>\n
\u015eam\u2019da maden \u00fczerine alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f tel kakma olarak \u00e7ok g\u00fczel i\u015fler yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, \u015eam kakmas\u0131 ad\u0131yla an\u0131ld\u0131.<\/div>\n
Bir madenin sath\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan yuvalara eritilmi\u015f bir madde d\u00f6k\u00fclmek suretiyle yap\u0131lan kakmalar da vard\u0131r. Bu \u015fekle \u201csavat\u201d denir.<\/div>\n
Evet\u2026<\/div>\n
Fildi\u015fi, kemik, sedef, formika, seramik, ta\u015f, tahta, mermer, metal levhalar gibi oyulmaya m\u00fcsait maddelerin baz\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini oyarak oyulan yerlere daha k\u0131ymetli maddeler g\u00f6merek yap\u0131lan s\u00fcsleme i\u015fine KAKMA, bu i\u015fi yapan sanat\u00e7\u0131ya KAKMACI, i\u015flemin kendisine de KAKMACILIK denilmektedir.<\/div>\n
\u0130lgilenenlerin pek g\u00fczel anlayacaklar\u0131 \u015fekilde Kakmac\u0131l\u0131kta: \u00c7ARPMA, \u00c7AKMA, \u00c7ALMA, TEL KAKMA ve SAVAT i\u015flemleri vard\u0131r.<\/div>\n
Osmanl\u0131dan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze intikal eden Kakmac\u0131l\u0131k sanat\u0131n\u0131n pek \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitleri vard\u0131r.<\/div>\n
Eski T\u00fcrklerde b\u00fcy\u00fck ra\u011fbet g\u00f6ren Kakmac\u0131l\u0131k daha ziyade b\u0131\u00e7ak, k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, kama, kalkan, tabaka, \u00e7ubuk, t\u00fcfek, tabanca, baston, biblo ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7e\u015fitli mobilyalar\u0131n s\u00fcslenmesinde kullan\u0131lan bir sanat dal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n
S\u00fcslenen e\u015fyalara da Alt\u0131n kakmal\u0131, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f kakmal\u0131, sedef kakmal\u0131, fildi\u015fi kakmal\u0131 gibi de\u011fi\u015fik isimler verilir.<\/div>\n
Osmanl\u0131lar d\u00f6neminde b\u00fcy\u00fck camilerin ah\u015fap yap\u0131lar\u0131ndaki oymalar ger\u00e7ekten Kakmac\u0131l\u0131k sanat\u0131n\u0131n en g\u00fczel \u00f6rnekleridir.<\/div>\n
Kakmac\u0131l\u0131k M\u00fcsl\u00fcman sanat\u00e7\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen bir sanat \u015feklidir.<\/div>\n
Eski M\u0131s\u0131r, Yunanistan, Bizans bu kakmac\u0131l\u0131k sanat\u0131n\u0131n ilk \u00f6rneklerinin g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fclkelerdir, uygarl\u0131klard\u0131r.<\/div>\n
M.\u00d6. 2000 y\u0131llar\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da, Firavun Tutankamon\u2019un mezar\u0131nda bulunan tahta e\u015fyalar \u00fczerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen fildi\u015fi ve alt\u0131n kakmalar bilinen en eski \u00f6rneklerdir.<\/div>\n
R\u00f6nesans d\u00f6nemini inceledi\u011fimiz zaman bu d\u00f6nemde \u0130talya\u2019da kakmac\u0131l\u0131k sanat\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00fcst\u00fcn bir d\u00fczeye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/div>\n
Do\u011fu\u2019da kakmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015fti\u011fi merkezlerin en \u00f6nemlilerinden biri \u0130stanbul olmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n
Avrupa\u2019da kakmac\u0131l\u0131k mobilya a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 iken Osmanl\u0131larda ev e\u015fyalar\u0131 \u00fczerine uygulanmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
Baz\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fahlar\u0131n\u0131n bu s\u00fcsleme sanat\u0131yla yakinen ilgilendikleri de bilinen bir durumdur.<\/div>\n
\u0130slam sanat\u0131 olarak da camilerin mihrap, minber ve vaaz k\u00fcrs\u00fclerinde kendini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/div>\n
S\u00f6zlerimin ba\u015f\u0131nda belirtti\u011fim \u015fekliyle Kakmac\u0131l\u0131k; tahta, ta\u015f, maden, mermer gibi maddelerin baz\u0131 yerlerinin ovularak i\u00e7ine ayn\u0131 cinsten veya daha k\u0131ymetli maddelerden par\u00e7alar kakma y\u00f6ntemiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen s\u00fcsleme sanat\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n
Kakmac\u0131l\u0131k Osmanl\u0131lardan, \u0130slamiyet\u2019in ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan da \u00f6nce ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan en eski sanatlardan biridir.<\/div>\n
A\u011fa\u00e7, ta\u015f, maden, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, pirin\u00e7, k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, t\u00fcfek, kama \u00fczerine oymalar yap\u0131larak de\u011ferli ta\u015flar, metaller, sedef, fildi\u015fi gibi malzemeler i\u00e7ine oturtulduktan sonra y\u00fczey d\u00fczeltilerek kakma i\u015fi tamamlanm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/div>\n
Kullan\u0131lan malzemeye g\u00f6re kakma i\u015fi de \u00f6zel bir isim al\u0131rd\u0131.<\/div>\n
En \u00e7ok sedef, fildi\u015fi, abanoz kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/div>\n
Sedef kakmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 en yayg\u0131n kakma bi\u00e7imidir.<\/div>\n
Bu i\u015fi yapan kakmac\u0131lara sedefkari diye adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/div>\n
G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve pirin\u00e7 e\u015fya \u00fczerine kakma alt\u0131n yada g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f tellerle yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/div>\n
Kitap kapaklar\u0131, silahlar, ayakkab\u0131lar, fincan zarflar\u0131na yap\u0131lan kakmalar\u0131n yan\u0131nda mimari alanda da kakmac\u0131l\u0131k geli\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
Mimar Sinan bu sanata \u00e7ok \u00f6nem vermi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kakmac\u0131l\u0131kta yeni y\u00f6ntemler uygulanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
Dekupaj makinalar\u0131, yapay recine plakalar\u0131, formika bu sanatta kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/div>\n
Ho\u015f\u00e7a kal\u0131n\u0131z.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc sohbet k\u00f6\u015femde istek \u00fczerine unutulmaya y\u00fcz tutmu\u015f bir sanat dal\u0131ndan, T\u00fcrk- \u0130slam k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde oymac\u0131l\u0131k ve kakmac\u0131l\u0131k sanat\u0131ndan bahsedece\u011fim. Oymac\u0131l\u0131k ve kakmac\u0131l\u0131k; Ah\u015fap, ta\u015f veya maden gibi sert malzemelerin \u00fczerine \u00e7e\u015fitli motifler i\u015fleyerek onlar\u0131 estetik birer sanat eserine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme sanat\u0131d\u0131r. Genellikle ah\u015fap (a\u011fa\u00e7) i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011finde bir arada kullan\u0131lan bu iki geleneksel el sanat\u0131, T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde, \u00f6zellikle […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":138015,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-139413","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazi-mert"],"views":182,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/139413","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=139413"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/139413\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":139414,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/139413\/revisions\/139414"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/138015"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=139413"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=139413"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=139413"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}