{"id":126041,"date":"2026-02-22T14:15:35","date_gmt":"2026-02-22T11:15:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/?p=126041"},"modified":"2026-02-22T14:15:35","modified_gmt":"2026-02-22T11:15:35","slug":"kuresel-ticarette-ayricalik-tartismasi-abnin-cin-hamlesi-ne-anlama-geliyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/2026\/02\/22\/kuresel-ticarette-ayricalik-tartismasi-abnin-cin-hamlesi-ne-anlama-geliyor\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u00fcresel Ticarette \u201cAyr\u0131cal\u0131k\u201d Tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131:  AB\u2019nin \u00c7in Hamlesi Ne Anlama Geliyor?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>K\u00fcresel ticaret d\u00fczeni, uzun y\u0131llar boyunca birka\u00e7 temel ilke \u00fczerine in\u015fa edildi. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda ise\u00a0D\u00fcnya Ticaret \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u00a0\u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki \u201cEn \u00c7ok Kayr\u0131lan \u00dclke\u201d (MFN) kural\u0131 geliyor. \u0130lke basit: Bir \u00fclkeye tan\u0131nan en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck g\u00fcmr\u00fck tarifesi, t\u00fcm \u00fcyelere uygulan\u0131r. Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yok, istisna yok.<\/p>\n<p>Ancak \u015fimdi Avrupa Birli\u011fi, bu kural\u0131n \u00c7in merkezli olarak yeniden de\u011ferlendirilmesini istiyor. Tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n fitilini ate\u015fleyen isim ise AB Ticaret Komiseri\u00a0Maros Sefcovic.<\/p>\n<h3>Sorun ne?<\/h3>\n<p>Br\u00fcksel\u2019in temel iddias\u0131 \u015fu: MFN ilkesi, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k olmadan i\u015fliyor. Yani Avrupa pazar\u0131 nispeten a\u00e7\u0131kken, \u00c7in pazar\u0131 ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde eri\u015filebilir de\u011fil. Buna ra\u011fmen Pekin, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck tarifelerden faydalanmaya devam ediyor.<\/p>\n<p>2001\u2019de \u00c7in\u2019in DT\u00d6\u2019ye kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde k\u00fcresel ekonomideki pay\u0131 y\u00fczde 5\u20136 civar\u0131ndayd\u0131. Bug\u00fcn ise yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 20. Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n \u00c7in ile mal ticaret a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise 2025 itibar\u0131yla 359,3 milyar euroya ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumda. Bu rakam, Br\u00fcksel\u2019de alarm zillerinin \u00e7almas\u0131na yetiyor.<\/p>\n<p>Sefcovic\u2019in G\u00fcney K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019taki toplant\u0131da s\u00f6yledi\u011fi s\u00f6zler asl\u0131nda yeni d\u00f6nemin \u00f6zetini veriyor:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cD\u00fc\u015f\u00fck tarifeler, e\u015fit pazar eri\u015fimiyle kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulmal\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Bu c\u00fcmle, MFN ilkesinin \u201cotomatik e\u015fitlik\u201d mant\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u201c\u015fartl\u0131 e\u015fitlik\u201d modeline ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00f6nerisi anlam\u0131na geliyor.<\/p>\n<h3>\u00c7in fakt\u00f6r\u00fc<\/h3>\n<p>\u00c7in, 2001\u2019den bu yana ihracat odakl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcme modelini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrken kapsaml\u0131 devlet destekleri ve s\u00fcbvansiyon politikalar\u0131 uygulad\u0131. Ele\u015ftirmenlere g\u00f6re bu durum, serbest piyasa kurallar\u0131yla \u00e7eli\u015fiyor. Avrupa \u015firketleri ise \u00c7in\u2019de teknoloji transferi zorunluluklar\u0131, kamu ihalelerine eri\u015fim engelleri ve d\u00fczenleyici bariyerlerle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya.<\/p>\n<p>Br\u00fcksel\u2019in yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k: E\u011fer kar\u015f\u0131 taraf pazar\u0131n\u0131 kapal\u0131 tutuyorsa, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck tarifeler otomatik olarak devam etmemeli.<\/p>\n<h3>K\u00fcresel arka plan: Trump ve tek tarafl\u0131l\u0131k<\/h3>\n<p>Bu tart\u0131\u015fma, yaln\u0131zca \u00c7in-AB gerilimi de\u011fil. Ayn\u0131 zamanda k\u00fcresel ticaret sisteminin ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn bir yans\u0131mas\u0131. \u00d6zellikle\u00a0Donald Trump\u00a0d\u00f6neminde ABD\u2019nin tek tarafl\u0131 tarifeleri, \u00e7ok tarafl\u0131 sistemi sarst\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>AB-ABD aras\u0131nda temmuz ay\u0131nda yap\u0131lan anla\u015fma kapsam\u0131nda ABD, Avrupa mallar\u0131na y\u00fczde 15 tarife uygulamaya ba\u015flarken, AB ABD \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine s\u0131f\u0131r tarifeli tercihli muamele tan\u0131d\u0131. \u00dcstelik bu d\u00fczenlemelerin DT\u00d6\u2019ye resmi bildirim s\u00fcreci dahi tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 kald\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Yani mesele sadece \u00c7in de\u011fil; k\u00fcresel sistemin kendisi k\u0131r\u0131lgan.<\/p>\n<h3>As\u0131l soru: MFN d\u00f6nemi kapan\u0131yor mu?<\/h3>\n<p>MFN ilkesi onlarca y\u0131l boyunca ticarette \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik sa\u011flad\u0131. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ekonomileri korudu, ticaret sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlad\u0131. Ancak bug\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7 dengeleri dramatik bi\u00e7imde de\u011fi\u015fti. Devlet kapitalizmi, s\u00fcbvansiyon yar\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve jeoekonomik blokla\u015fma yeni norm haline geliyor.<\/p>\n<p>AB\u2019nin \u00f6nerisi kabul g\u00f6r\u00fcrse, k\u00fcresel ticaret d\u00fczeninde \u00f6nemli bir paradigma kaymas\u0131 ya\u015fanabilir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p role=\"presentation\">Tarifeler otomatik e\u015fitlik yerine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ba\u011flanabilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p role=\"presentation\">B\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomiler i\u00e7in \u00f6zel kriterler g\u00fcndeme gelebilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p role=\"presentation\">DT\u00d6 reformu h\u0131z kazanabilir ya da sistem daha da par\u00e7alanabilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Avrupa ne istiyor?<\/h3>\n<p>Br\u00fcksel\u2019in amac\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019le ba\u011flar\u0131 koparmak de\u011fil; ili\u015fkiyi \u201cdengelemek.\u201d Ancak bu dengeleme, MFN gibi sistemin temel ta\u015flar\u0131ndan birini yeniden tan\u0131mlamay\u0131 gerektiriyor.<\/p>\n<p>Bu noktada Avrupa iki riskle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya:<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>\n<p role=\"presentation\">Reform \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 k\u00fcresel ticaret sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>\n<p role=\"presentation\">Ya da hi\u00e7bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmazsa Avrupa sanayisi rekabet bask\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda kalmaya devam eder.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Sonu\u00e7 olarak AB\u2019nin MFN \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, teknik bir kural tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131. Bu, 1990\u2019lar\u0131n k\u00fcreselle\u015fme mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 2020\u2019lerin jeoekonomik ger\u00e7ekleriyle \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00fcresel ticaret art\u0131k sadece \u201cen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck tarifeyi kime uygulayaca\u011f\u0131z?\u201d sorusu de\u011fil. As\u0131l soru \u015fu:<br \/>\nAdil ticaret, e\u015fit kurallar olmadan m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fc?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>K\u00fcresel ticaret d\u00fczeni, uzun y\u0131llar boyunca birka\u00e7 temel ilke \u00fczerine in\u015fa edildi. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda ise\u00a0D\u00fcnya Ticaret \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u00a0\u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki \u201cEn \u00c7ok Kayr\u0131lan \u00dclke\u201d (MFN) kural\u0131 geliyor. \u0130lke basit: Bir \u00fclkeye tan\u0131nan en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck g\u00fcmr\u00fck tarifesi, t\u00fcm \u00fcyelere uygulan\u0131r. Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yok, istisna yok. Ancak \u015fimdi Avrupa Birli\u011fi, bu kural\u0131n \u00c7in merkezli olarak yeniden de\u011ferlendirilmesini istiyor. Tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n fitilini [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":126042,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[112],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-126041","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-umut-can-erkan"],"views":707,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/126041","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=126041"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/126041\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":126044,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/126041\/revisions\/126044"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/126042"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=126041"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=126041"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=126041"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}