{"id":125581,"date":"2026-02-17T18:10:21","date_gmt":"2026-02-17T15:10:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/?p=125581"},"modified":"2026-02-17T18:10:21","modified_gmt":"2026-02-17T15:10:21","slug":"kurulusa-giden-yolda-son-buyuk-kongre-izmir-iktisat-kongresi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/2026\/02\/17\/kurulusa-giden-yolda-son-buyuk-kongre-izmir-iktisat-kongresi\/","title":{"rendered":"KURULU\u015eA G\u0130DEN YOLDA SON B\u00dcY\u00dcK KONGRE: \u0130ZM\u0130R \u0130KT\u0130SAT KONGRES\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"
Cumhuriyetimizin kurulu\u015funa giden yolda en son ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck kongre olan \u0130zmir \u0130ktisat Kongresinin(\u0130\u0130K) 103. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde, iki y\u0131l \u00f6nce -Sons\u00f6z gazetesinde- yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fum yaz\u0131y\u0131 aynen tekrar payla\u015f\u0131yorum.(Okurlar\u0131mdan tarih ve olaylar\u0131 iki y\u0131l \u00f6ncesi yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir yaz\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de\u011ferlendirmelerini rica ederim.)<\/div>\n
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\u201cCumhuriyetimizin 100.y\u0131llar serisinin ilki olan T\u00fcrkiye (\u0130zmir) \u0130ktisat Kongresi (17 \u015eubat-4 Mart 1923) tarihleri aras\u0131nda, Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde en \u00f6nemli liman ve ticaret kenti \u0130zmir\u2019de -Lozan kongresine ara verildi\u011fi s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde- ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
Kas\u0131m 2022 de ba\u015flayan Lozan Konferans\u0131 1-Musul\/Kerk\u00fck meselesi 2- Bo\u011fazlar Meselesi 3- Hatay meselesi olmak \u00fczere\u00a0\u00a0\u00fc\u00e7 konuda t\u0131kand\u0131. ( Daha sonra Gazi Mustafa Kemal\u2019in \u00f6nerisiyle bu \u00fc\u00e7 konu gelece\u011fe b\u0131rak\u0131larak konferans devam etmi\u015ftir)<\/div>\n
Bunun \u00fczerine Mustafa Kemal \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019ye T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye d\u00f6nme talimat\u0131 verdi. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin ilk d\u00f6neminde (Kas\u0131m 1922-Ocak 1923) kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n Ba\u015f m\u00fczakerecisi Lord Curzon, \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019ye s\u0131k s\u0131k Anadolu\u2019da sermaye birikimi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u2018gelecekte kendilerine avu\u00e7 a\u00e7mak zorunda kalacaklar\u0131n\u0131\u2019 hat\u0131rlat\u0131yordu. Bu nedenle Cumhuriyetin \u00f6nder kadrosundan M.Esat Bozkurt\u2019un \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u0130KT\u0130SAD\u0130 BA\u011eIMSIZLI\u011eIMIZI SA\u011eLAYAB\u0130LECE\u011e\u0130N\u0130 D\u00fcnya\u2019ya g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in 17 \u015eubat 1923 tarihinde \u0130zmir\u2019de iktisat Kongresini toplamak i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7ildi.<\/div>\n
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OSMANLIDAN G\u00dcN\u00dcM\u00dcZE EKONOM\u0130K S\u0130STEMLER\u0130N GEL\u0130\u015e\u0130M\u0130<\/div>\n
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Bu topraklarda ekonominin geli\u015fimini \u00f6zetlersek;<\/div>\n
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1838 -1881 Balta Liman\u0131 Anla\u015fmas\u0131 ve S\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015fme Ekonomisi; 1881-1923 D\u00fcy\u00fcnu Umumiye\u00a0\u00a0Ekonomisi;<\/div>\n
1923 -1939 Karma Milli Ekonomisi; 1939-1945 Sava\u015f Ekonomisi; 1945-1960 \u0130thal \u0130kame Ekonomiye Ge\u00e7i\u015f ;<\/div>\n
1960-1980 Planl\u0131 Ekonomi; 1980-2001 Neo Liberal Ekonomiye Ge\u00e7i\u015f;<\/div>\n
2001-2017 \u0130n\u015faat Ekonomisi; 2017-2023 \u015eahs\u0131m Ekonomisi;<\/div>\n
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G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise D\u00fcnya\u2019da T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyetinin 1930-1938 d\u00f6neminde uygulanan planl\u0131 ve kamucu ekonominin, benzer \u015fekilde, \u00c7in ve Rusya\u2019da DEVLET KAP\u0130TAL\u0130ZM\u0130 olarak uygulanan ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olan \u00a0modeli, \u00f6z\u00fcnde Atat\u00fcrk d\u00f6neminin planl\u0131 KARMA EKONOM\u0130K MODEL\u0130 dir.<\/div>\n
Bu model anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131; \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn yetersiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 sekt\u00f6r ve b\u00f6lgelerde Devlet Kamu \u0130ktisadi Te\u015fekk\u00fclleri(K\u0130T\u2019ler) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sanayinin ve kalk\u0131nman\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesidir. (Bu model, 24 Ocak 1980 kararlar\u0131yla ba\u015flat\u0131lan\u00a0\u00a012 Eyl\u00fcl 1980 darbesiyle uygulamaya konulan , \u201cbize plan de\u011fil pilav laz\u0131m\u201d diyen \u00d6zal ve b\u00fcrokratlar\u0131n\u0131n gayretleri \u00a0ve 2001\u2019den sonra Dervi\u015f yasalar\u0131yla tamamen Bat\u0131ya eklemlenen ve bug\u00fcn\u2019 krizlerden krizlere s\u00fcr\u00fcklendi\u011fimiz ve yar\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrge durumuna d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcg\u00fcm\u00fcz\u2019 mevcut kurals\u0131z(vah\u015fi)neoliberal ekonomi anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na alternatif olarak yeniden tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r).<\/div>\n
\u00d6te yandan\u00a0\u00a0tek kutuplu D\u00fcnyan\u0131n\u00a0\u00a0kurals\u0131z (vah\u015fi) kapitalist neoliberal sistemi nedeniyle i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz ve derinle\u015fen ekonomik krize ilaveten 11 ilimizi etkileyen deprem felaketinin tar\u0131m, sanayi ve ticari olarak ekonomik faaliyetlerinin de \u00a0\u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkilendi\u011fi y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00a01. \u0130zmir \u0130ktisat Kongresinin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutacak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki karar ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc siyaset kurumunun yeniden de\u011ferlendirmesi gerekti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesindeyim.<\/div>\n
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CUMHUR\u0130YET\u2019TEN \u00d6NCEK\u0130 SON B\u00dcY\u00dcK VE \u00d6NEML\u0130 KONGRE<\/div>\n
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\u0130zmir \u0130ktisat Kongresinin\u00a0\u00a0100. Y\u0131l\u0131 nedeniyle Dr. Serdar \u015eahinkaya\u2019n\u0131n yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cCumhuriyet\u2019ten \u00d6nceki Son Kurucu Kongre: T\u00fcrkiye \u0130ktisat Kongresi(\u0130zmir, \u00a017 \u015eubat- 4 Mart 2023)\u201d kitab\u0131, Kongrenin Cumhuriyetimizin\u00a0\u00a0\u0130ktisat Politikalar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinde \u00f6nemli bir kilometre ta\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu ortaya koyan \u00f6nemli bir belgedir.<\/div>\n
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Dr. \u015eahinkaya\u2019ya g\u00f6re; Cumhuriyete ait iktisat politikalar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 hedefleri,\u00a0T\u00fcrkiye \u0130ktisat Kongresi\u2019ndedir(*) .\u00a0 Bizzat Gazi Pa\u015fan\u0131n tan\u0131m\u0131yla -Cumhuriyet \u00f6ncesi \u00f6nemli kongrelerden\u00a0– say\u0131lan \u0130zmir \u0130ktisat Kongresi, 9 Eyl\u00fcl 1922 den, yani Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n \u0130zmir\u2019den denize d\u00f6k\u00fclmesinden be\u015f ay sonra,<\/div>\n
17 \u015eubat \u2013 4 Mart 1923 tarihlerinde, Hamparsumyan Han\u2019da,\u00a0\u0130zmir\u2019de \u00fclkenin bir\u00e7ok yerinden gelen, toplumu olu\u015fturan s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131, farkl\u0131 bir ifade ile \u0130\u015f\u00e7i, Sanayici, \u00c7ift\u00e7i ve T\u00fcccar gruplar\u0131n\u0131 temsil eden 1135 delege ile kadim ekonomi kenti \u0130zmir\u2019de toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcretici ve yarat\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7leri kongrededir.<\/div>\n
Kongre\u2019nin toplanma s\u00fcreci, \u0130ktisat vekili Mahmut Esat Bozkurt\u2019un Mustafa Kemal\u2019e; \u00a0\u201c(Yurdun baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde) ekonomik incelemelerde bulunmak \u00fczere bundan bir hayli m\u00fcddet evvel seyahatim esnas\u0131nda memleketimin pek \u00e7ok ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 yak\u0131ndan g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Ve uzun senelerden beri unutulmu\u015f olan iktisadiyat\u0131m\u0131z hakk\u0131nda memleketimiz iktisat \u00e2millerinin bir araya gelerek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmelerini, nokta-i nazarlar\u0131n\u0131 (g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini) B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisine ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi H\u00fck\u00fcmetine bildirmelerini ve te\u015febb\u00fcs-\u00fc \u015fahsileri (ki\u015fisel giri\u015fimleri) ile orada yap\u0131lmas\u0131 laz\u0131m gelen i\u015flere derhal orada karar vererek harekete gelmelerini m\u00fcnasip g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Ve 12 te\u015frin-i s\u00e2nide (Kas\u0131m\u2019da) Ba\u015fkumandan Pa\u015fa Hazretlerine \u0130zmir\u2019den telgraf \u00e7ektim. Dedim ki, memleketin iktisadiyat\u0131 uzun senelerden beri unutulmu\u015ftur. \u0130ktisat \u00e2milleri dinlenmemi\u015ftir. Bu meslek adamlar\u0131n\u0131 dinlemek ve onlar\u0131n dileklerine g\u00f6re bir iktisat program\u0131 v\u00fccude getirmek l\u00e2z\u0131md\u0131r. Ve bu \u00e7ok hay\u0131rl\u0131 olur. Bu hay\u0131rl\u0131 i\u015fin riyaset-i fahriyesini (fahri ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131) kabul eder misiniz? diye sordum. Ba\u015fkumandan Pa\u015fa hazretlerinden cevap ald\u0131m. Ma\u00e2l memnuniye muvafakat ediyorlard\u0131\u201d.<\/div>\n
Bunun \u00fczerine haz\u0131rl\u0131klar Aral\u0131k 1922 ba\u015f\u0131nda illere g\u00f6nderilen resmi genelge ile ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.(*)<\/div>\n
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1922 Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda ba\u015flayan Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri s\u00fcrecinde,\u00a0\u00a0emperyal devletlerinin \u00f6zellikle Ekonomik ve Adli Kap\u00fct\u00fclasyon dayatmalar\u0131n\u0131n -kabul edilmemesi- nedeniyle,\u00a0\u00a04 \u015eubat 2023\u2019de g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler kesildikten sonra T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.\u00a0Bu geli\u015fmeler, Kongreyi og\u00fcnlerde daha da anlaml\u0131 k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda emperyalistler, Lozan\u2019da, askeri olarak zafer kazanm\u0131\u015f bir ulusa, \u00a0devlet kurdurmamak i\u00e7in var g\u00fc\u00e7leri ile bast\u0131rmaktad\u0131r(*). Kongre divan\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7iminden sonra, Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tarihi a\u00e7\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u2028Gazi Mustafa Kemal Kongreyi a\u00e7\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131nda kongreye verdi\u011fi \u00f6neme atfen ; \u201cEfendiler, \u00a0Y\u00fcce Kurulunuzla bug\u00fcn ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olan T\u00fcrkiye \u0130ktisat Kongresi \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. \u00c7ok tarih\u00eedir. Nas\u0131l ki Erzurum Kongresi fel\u00e2ket noktas\u0131na gelmi\u015f olan bu milleti kurtarmak hususunda Misak-\u0131 Mill\u00ee\u2019nin ve Anayasan\u0131n ilk temel ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamada neden olmu\u015f, etken olmu\u015f \u00f6nc\u00fc olmu\u015f ve bundan dolay\u0131 tarihimizde, mill\u00ee tarihimizde en \u00f6nemli ve y\u00fcksek hat\u0131ray\u0131 yaratm\u0131\u015f ise, kongreniz de milletin ve memleketin ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak, ger\u00e7ek kurtulu\u015funa yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak kanunun temel ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ve esaslar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymak suretiyle tarihte \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ad ve \u00e7ok k\u0131ymetli bir yer alm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r.\u2028Bu kadar \u00f6nemli ve tarih\u00ee kongrenizi a\u00e7mak \u015ferefini bana vermi\u015f olman\u0131zdan dolay\u0131 te\u015fekk\u00fcrler ederim. Ve b\u00f6yle bir kongreyi yapanlar sizlersiniz. Bundan dolay\u0131 sizleri tebrik ederim\u201d \u00a0de\u011ferlendirmesini yaparak, Kongrenin \u00f6nemini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koymu\u015ftur.\u00a0Kongre, Cumhuriyetten \u00f6nceki son\u00a0kurucu\u00a0kongredir.(*)<\/div>\n
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GAZ\u0130 PA\u015eANIN A\u00c7I\u015e KONU\u015eMASI G\u00dcN\u00dcM\u00dcZE DE I\u015eIK TUTUYOR<\/div>\n
\u2028Gazipa\u015fa a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131nda: \u201cEfendiler; G\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ki, bu kadar kesin, y\u00fcksek ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir askeri zaferden sonra dahi, bizi sulha kavu\u015fmaktan al\u0131koyan neden, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya iktisadi sebeplerdir, iktisadi anlay\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu Devlet, iktisadi egemenli\u011fini sa\u011flayacak olursa; o kadar kuvvetli bir temel \u00fczerinde yerle\u015fmi\u015f ve y\u00fckselme\u011fe ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r ki, art\u0131k bunu yerinden k\u0131m\u0131ldatmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olamayacakt\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n, hakiki d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n olur diyemedikleri, bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc kabul edemedikleri budur.\u201d<\/div>\n
Kongrede ortaya at\u0131lan \u00f6nerilerin hemen hepsi tek bir temel hedefe y\u00f6neliyordu:\u00a0Bir milli ekonominin kurulu\u015funu ilerletmek ve do\u011fmakta olan cumhuriyet devletinin sosyoekonomik temelini k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede olu\u015fturacak ekonomik g\u00fc\u00e7leri geli\u015ftirmek(*)<\/div>\n
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MUSTAFA KEMAL VE YABANCI SERMAYE<\/div>\n
\u2028Hem d\u0131\u015f D\u00fcnya, hem de i\u00e7erideki sermaye gruplar\u0131 sava\u015ftan galip \u00e7\u0131kan yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmetin yabanc\u0131 sermayeye bak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 merak ediyordu. Mustafa Kemal bu konuyu bildi\u011fi i\u00e7in ve kalk\u0131nabilmek i\u00e7in o g\u00fcnk\u00fc ko\u015fullarda sermaye birikimin gerekti\u011fini biliyordu. Bu nedenle a\u00e7\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131nda bu konuya de\u011finir(*):<\/div>\n
\u201cEfendiler, \u0130ktisadi alanda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr ve konu\u015furken, san\u0131lmas\u0131n ki d\u0131\u015f sermayeye kar\u015f\u0131y\u0131z, hay\u0131r bizim memleketimiz geni\u015ftir. \u00c7ok emek ve sermayeye ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var. Kanunlar\u0131m\u0131za uymak \u015fart\u0131yla d\u0131\u015f sermayelere gerekli teminat\u0131 verme\u011fe her zaman haz\u0131r\u0131z. Yabanc\u0131 sermaye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131za eklensin ve bizim ile onlara i\u00e7in yararl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar versin fakat eskisi gibi de\u011fil. Hakikaten mazide ve bilhassa Tanzimat devrinden sonra yabanc\u0131 sermayesi memlekette m\u00fcstesna bir mevkiye sahip oldu. Ve ilmi manas\u0131yla denebilir ki, devlet ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet yabanc\u0131 sermaye yabanc\u0131 sermayenin jandarmal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey yapmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Art\u0131k her medeni devlet gibi, millet gibi, yeni T\u00fcrkiye dahi buna raz\u0131 olamaz; buras\u0131n\u0131 esir \u00fclkesi yapt\u0131ramaz. (Bravo sesleri, alk\u0131\u015flar).\u201d<\/div>\n
Ancak, ilerleyen y\u0131llarda Cumhuriyet kadrolar\u0131 -gerek bat\u0131n\u0131n sermaye ve sanayi konusundaki s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 ve kap\u00fct\u00fclasyon benzeri dayatmac\u0131 tutumu, gerekse \u00a01929 \u00a0D\u00fcnya genel ekonomik buhran\u0131 sonucunda kapitalist sistemle istedikleri iktisadi hedeflere ula\u015famayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce – farkl\u0131 aray\u0131\u015flara girdiler.\u00a0 \u00d6zellikle 1930 larda sonra Sovyet Rusya\u2019n\u0131n planl\u0131 kalk\u0131nma modelini inceleyerek ve Sovyet Rusya\u2019dan \u00f6zellikle tekstil(S\u00fcmerbank) Cam(\u015ei\u015fecam) ve demir\u00e7elik (Karadeniz ere\u011fli) sekt\u00f6rlerinde teknik yard\u0131m alarak 1930\u2019lar\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda % 11 ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi yakalad\u0131lar. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc yabanc\u0131lar \u00f6zellikle demir \u00e7elik gibi stratejik sekt\u00f6rlerde sermaye ve teknolojik yard\u0131m yapmak istemiyordu.\u2028Kongrede \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli kararlar al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kararlar ile Lozan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesinin kar\u015f\u0131 taraf \u00fclkelerine \u00f6nemli mesajlarda verilmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
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KONGREDE KADINLAR VE \u0130\u015e\u00c7\u0130LER DE AKT\u0130F OLARAK KATILDILAR<\/div>\n
\u2028\u0130ktisat vekili\u00a0Mahmut Esat Bozkurt(\u0130ktisat Vekili) 13 \u015eubat 1923 tarihinde verdi\u011fi\u00a0\u00a0beyanatta T\u00fcrkiye \u0130ktisat Kongresi\u2019nin “H\u00fck\u00fcmetin Delaleti” ile topland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ayn\u0131 beyanatta kongrenin amac\u0131n\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde belirtmi\u015ftir;\u00a0“Bu Kongreyi millet ve memleketimizin kabiliyet ihtiyacat-\u0131 iktisadiyesini elbirli\u011fi ile tetkik ederek ona g\u00f6re bir ittila usul\u00fc vaz ve tetkik eylemek ayn\u0131 zamanda memleketimizin muhtelif ve \u015fimdiye kadar yek di\u011ferine yabanc\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015f iktisat amillerinin birbiri ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131yoruz” Lozan\u2019da emperyalist \u00a0devletlerin, \u00a0ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir devlet kurmak isteyen \u00f6nderleri \u00fczerinde yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00a0bask\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n ruh hali kongreyi a\u00e7an d\u00f6nemin \u00a0\u0130ktisat Vekili(ekonomi bakan\u0131) \u00a0Mahmut Esat BOZKURT\u2019un a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131na yans\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\u0130zmir \u0130ktisat Kongresine \u00a0ayr\u0131ms\u0131z ekonominin t\u00fcm kesimlerinin temsilcileri davet edilmi\u015ftir. Bozkurt\u2019un a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda ;\u2028\u201cAziz T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00f6z evlatlar\u0131 ho\u015f geldiniz, g\u00fczel T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ameleleri, sanatkarlar\u0131, \u00e7ift\u00e7ileri ve tacirleri ho\u015f geldiniz, h\u00fcr ve m\u00fcstakil g\u00fczel yurdun yorulmaz cesur emek\u00e7ileri, hayat\u0131n\u0131 di\u015fleriyle t\u0131rnaklar\u0131yla kazanan,\u015fimdi h\u00fcrriyetve istiklal yolunda \u015fehit d\u00fc\u015fen yavrular\u0131n\u0131n nerelerde g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcp kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilemeyen, bir k\u0131r\u0131k mezarta\u015f\u0131nda Fatiha okumak imkan\u0131n\u0131 dahi bulamayan, \u00e7ileke\u015f T\u00fcrk han\u0131mlar\u0131 ho\u015f geldiniz.(S\u00fcrekli alk\u0131\u015f sesleri) Amele han\u0131mlar\u0131 ho\u015f geldiniz. Gelecek sene adedinizin daha \u00a0\u00e7ok olmas\u0131n\u0131 dilerim.\u201d<\/div>\n
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KONGREDE ALINAN \u00d6NEML\u0130 KARARLAR<\/div>\n
\u2028Konu\u015fmas\u0131nda dile getirdi\u011fi toplumun en ma\u011fdur ekonomik kesimlerinden \u00f6zellikle\u00a0emek\u00e7i\u00a0han\u0131mlara verdi\u011fi ayr\u0131 \u00f6neme ve gelecek seneler i\u00e7in dile\u011fine \u00a0dikkatinizi \u00e7ekiyorum.<\/div>\n
T\u00fcrkiye’nin \u00e7ift\u00e7i, t\u00fcccar, sanayi ve i\u015f\u00e7i z\u00fcmrelerinden se\u00e7ilen 1135 \u00fcyenin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu kongrede bu gruplar\u0131n haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Misak-\u0131 \u0130ktisad\u00ee Esaslar\u0131” tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve kabul edilmi\u015ftir.\u00a0\u0130ktisat kongresi \u015fu kararlarla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 tamamlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
1. Hammaddesi yurt i\u00e7inde yeti\u015fen veya yeti\u015ftirilebilen sanayi dallar\u0131 kurulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/div>\n
\u00a02.El i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011finden ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck imalattan s\u00fcratle fabrikaya veya b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fletmeye ge\u00e7ilmelidir.<\/div>\n
3.Devlet yava\u015f yava\u015f iktisadi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri de olan bir organ haline gelmeli ve \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rler taraf\u0131ndan kurulamayan\u00a0\u2028\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 te\u015febb\u00fcsler devlet\u00e7e ele al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n
4.\u00d6zel te\u015febb\u00fcslere kredi sa\u011flayacak bir Devlet Bankas\u0131 kurulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n
5. D\u0131\u015f rekabete dayanabilmek i\u00e7in sanayinin toplu ve b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak kurulmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/div>\n
6. Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n kurduklar\u0131 tekellerden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u2028\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a07. Sanayinin te\u015fviki ve milli bankalar\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n
8. Demiryolu in\u015faat program\u0131na ba\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u2028\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a09. \u0130\u015f erbab\u0131na amele de\u011fil, -i\u015f\u00e7i- denilmelidir.\u2028\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a010. Sendika hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n
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Kongrede 9. maddeye kadar, bat\u0131n\u0131n kap\u00fct\u00fclasyonlar\u0131 ile geli\u015fememi\u015f, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015f, yar\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrge Osmanl\u0131dan devir al\u0131nan ekonomik ya\u015fam\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak geli\u015fmesi \u00a0i\u00e7in neler yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini karar alt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131yor.<\/div>\n
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\u00d6zellikle 9. ve 10. maddeye bakarm\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z, y\u0131l 1923, tar\u0131m ekonomisinin emek\u00e7isi olan \u201camele\u201d tan\u0131m\u0131 ile sanayi \u00a0toplumunun emek\u00e7isi olarak -i\u015f\u00e7i tan\u0131m\u0131 -ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor, sanayi toplumunun emek\u00e7isi olan i\u015f\u00e7inin, sendikal \u00a0\u00f6rg\u00fctlenme hakk\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu kararlar ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ya\u015famak ve \u00a0sanayile\u015fmek isteyen Anadolu\u2019da kurulacak yeni \u00a0devletinin yol g\u00f6stericisi olmu\u015ftur. \u0130\u015f bankas\u0131n\u0131n, Halkbankas\u0131, \u015eekerbank\u2019\u0131n kurulmalar\u0131 da bu kongrenin kararlar\u0131n\u0131n sonucudur.<\/div>\n
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Ancak bu kararlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun pratikte istenen sonucu vermemesi, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve \u00fcretken bir ekonominin kurulmas\u0131nda \u00e7ok yetersiz kal\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 1929 B\u00fcy\u00fck D\u00fcnya Ekonomik buhran\u0131 ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. B\u00f6ylelikle yeterli sermaye birikimi olmayan gen\u00e7 Cumhuriyetin, ekonomik kalk\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n salt \u00f6zel giri\u015fimle olamayaca\u011f\u0131 somut olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. O y\u0131llarda Rusya\u2019da 1917 Ekim devrimi kurulan yeni sosyalist ekonominin\u00a0\u00a0planl\u0131 devlet yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 ile b\u00fcy\u00fck hamleler yapm\u0131\u015f, ba\u015fta tar\u0131m, demir \u00a0\u00e7elik, cam sanayi olmak \u00fczere b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00a0geli\u015fmeler g\u00f6stermi\u015fti. Bu geli\u015fmeleri izleyen\u00a0\u00a0Cumhuriyetin \u00f6nder kadrolar\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin sermaye birikimi olmayan zay\u0131f ve d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 liberal ekonomi ve \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r giti\u015fimiyle, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruyarak, kalk\u0131nma hedefine ula\u015famayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlam\u0131\u015f ve 1930 lardan sonra ekonomide y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc \u00a0bat\u0131 emperyalizmine kar\u015f\u0131, kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131nda da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi desteklemi\u015f olan SSCB nin devlet\u00e7i yat\u0131r\u0131m modeline \u00e7evirmi\u015ftir. \u0130laveten, SSCB nin teknik deste\u011fiyle, \u00a0ba\u015fta \u00fc\u00e7 beyaz \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc( tuz, un ve \u015feker ) \u00fcreten ve cam sanayi vb. \u00a0sekt\u00f6rlerde fabrikalar a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1930 lar\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda\u00a0\u00a0%10\u2019lar\u0131 ge\u00e7en b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131 ve kalk\u0131nma ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 yakalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylelikle, Sovyet devriminin de etkisiyle, 1930\u2019lar\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda, her konuda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ama\u00e7layan gen\u00e7 \u00a0Cumhuriyetin \u00a0anayasas\u0131na \u00a0(ve CHP nin ilkelerine) , Gen\u00e7 Cumhuriyetin yeni temel ilkeleri olan \u00a0Devrimcilik ve Devlet\u00e7ilik\u00a0ilkeleri de eklenerek tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k i\u00e7in siyasi ve ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z T\u00fcrkiye\u00a0\u00a0modelinin temel ilkeleri tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
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KONGREN\u0130N 100.YILINDA\u00a0\u00a0\u0130ZM\u0130R\u2019DE YAPILAN TOPLANTI\u00a0\u00a0\u0130LK KONGREN\u0130N RUHUNA AYKIRIDIR<\/div>\n
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\u0130zmir B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediyesinin ge\u00e7en y\u0131l planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 100. Y\u0131l kutlama , 6 \u015eubat 2023 tarihinde Kahramanmara\u015f\u2019ta ya\u015fanan art arda iki deprem ve sonras\u0131nda Hatay\u2019da(Defne ve Samanda\u011f\u2019da) 20 \u015eubat 2023 tarihinde art arada ya\u015fanan iki deprem nedeniyle ya\u015fanan b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u0131k\u0131m ve felaket sonucu hakl\u0131 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015femedi. Yakla\u015f\u0131k bir ay sonra ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi.<\/div>\n
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Ancak bu kutlamada \u201cAnadolu\u2019daki mazlum milletler uyan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ekonomik olarak bo\u011fmak ve mahvetmek isteyen\u201d kapitalist sisteme kar\u015f\u0131 alternatif olarak yap\u0131lan ilk kongrenin ruhuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir kongre ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc,\u00a0\u00a0bu toplant\u0131da g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki kapitalist sistemin teorisyenleri video konferans yolu ile kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/div>\n
Ayr\u0131ca, y\u00fcz y\u0131l \u00f6nce kapitalizmin ve emperyalizmin dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0\u00a0Sevr Anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc\u00a0\u00a0BOP\u2019un g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki\u00a0yerli temsilcileri (nedense) bu kongreye davet edilerek \u2018cumhuriyetin bat\u0131n\u0131n izin verdi\u011fi y\u00fcz y\u0131ll\u0131k\u00a0aran\u0131n\u00a0\u00a0bitti\u011fini\u2019\u00a0\u00a0bu kongrede s\u00f6yleyebilmi\u015flerdir.\u00a0\u00a0Her iki konu\u015fmada o zamanki \u0130zmir B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan -maalesef- g\u00fcl\u00fcmseyerek alk\u0131\u015flanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/div>\n
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Bu kongreye, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z solcu ve kamucu ekonomistlerin \u00f6nde gelenleri Prof. Dr. Korkut Boratav, Prof.Dr. Aziz Konukman\u00a0\u00a0ve Arzu \u00c7erkezo\u011flu gibi sendika temsilcileri nedense bu kongrede davet edilip konu\u015fturulmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/div>\n
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O zaman\u00a0\u00a0Cumhuriyetimizin kurucu partisinin y\u00f6netimindeki CHP\u2019li Izmir Belediyesi ge\u00e7en y\u0131l (2023) d\u00fczenlenen 100.y\u0131ldaki \u00a0iktisat kongresini anma toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 neden d\u00fczenlendi diye sormak gerekiyor?\u201d<\/div>\n
Diyerek yaz\u0131m\u0131 tamamlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131m.<\/div>\n
Daha \u00f6nceki yaz\u0131lar\u0131mda de\u011findi\u011fim gibi 25 y\u0131la yakla\u015fan AKP iktidar\u0131 ekonomideki son y\u0131k\u0131m karar\u0131, Cumhuriyetin birikimlerinden elde kalan iki bo\u011faz k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcde yalanlanmayan \u00a0satma haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131d\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n. son se\u00e7imlerden birinci parti olarak \u00e7\u0131kan CHP nin -kamucu anlay\u0131\u015fla- \u00a0olas\u0131 bir erken se\u00e7im \u00f6ncesi yeni bir iktisat kongresini toplayarak \u00a0-ekonomik enkazdan nas\u0131l \u00e7\u0131k\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n program\u0131n\u0131- \u00a0yurdun her yerinden gelecek ekonominin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc temsilcileriyle birlikte haz\u0131rlamas\u0131 ile halka \u00a0bir kez daha g\u00fcven verecektir.<\/div>\n
(*)\u00a0https:\/\/haber.sol.org.tr\/yazar\/17-subat-4-mart-1923te-izmirde-toplanan-turkiye-iktisat-kongresinin-hatirlattiklari-326775<\/a><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cumhuriyetimizin kurulu\u015funa giden yolda en son ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck kongre olan \u0130zmir \u0130ktisat Kongresinin(\u0130\u0130K) 103. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde, iki y\u0131l \u00f6nce -Sons\u00f6z gazetesinde- yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fum yaz\u0131y\u0131 aynen tekrar payla\u015f\u0131yorum.(Okurlar\u0131mdan tarih ve olaylar\u0131 iki y\u0131l \u00f6ncesi yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir yaz\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de\u011ferlendirmelerini rica ederim.) \u201cCumhuriyetimizin 100.y\u0131llar serisinin ilki olan T\u00fcrkiye (\u0130zmir) \u0130ktisat Kongresi (17 \u015eubat-4 Mart 1923) tarihleri aras\u0131nda, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":120906,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-125581","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-serdar-erkan"],"views":2275,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/125581","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=125581"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/125581\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":125582,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/125581\/revisions\/125582"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/120906"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=125581"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=125581"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mersingazetesi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=125581"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}